Critical Edition
युधिष्ठिर उवाच यतः प्रभवति क्रोधः कामश्च भरतर्षभ शोकमोहौ विवित्सा च परासुत्वं तथा मदः
AI Translation: Yudhisthira said: From where does anger, desire, grief, delusion, doubt, pride, and intoxication arise, O bull of the Bharata lineage?
लोभो मात्सर्यमीर्ष्या च कुत्सासूया कृपा तथा एतत्सर्वं महाप्राज्ञ याथातथ्येन मे वद
AI Translation: Greed, miserliness, jealousy, contempt, envy, and compassion - O greatly wise one, please tell me all this exactly as it is.
भीष्म उवाच त्रयोदशैतेऽतिबलाः शत्रवः प्राणिनां स्मृताः उपासते महाराज समस्ताः पुरुषानिह
M. N. Dutt: Bhishma said These thirteen vices are known as very powerful enemies of all creatures. These, O king, approach men and tempt them from all sides.
Supplementary Passages:
12.157.3 For 3ab, B2 Da Dn1 subst.: *407 शत्रवः प्राणिनां सर्वे स्मृतास्ते तु त्रयोदश After 3, B1 ins.: *408 प्राणिनां लोभयुक्तानामेते वै शत्रवः स्मृताः
एते प्रमत्तं पुरुषमप्रमत्ता नुदन्ति हि वृका इव विलुम्पन्ति दृष्ट्वैव पुरुषेतरान्
M. N. Dutt: They goad and afflict a careless or a foolish man. Indeed, as soon as they see a person, they attack him powerfully like wolves jumping upon their pray.
एभ्यः प्रवर्तते दुःखमेभ्यः पापं प्रवर्तते इति मर्त्यो विजानीयात्सततं भरतर्षभ
M. N. Dutt: From these originate all sorts of grief. From these originate all sorts of sin. Every man, O foremost of men, should always know this.
एतेषामुदयं स्थानं क्षयं च पुरुषोत्तम हन्त ते वर्तयिष्यामि तन्मे निगदतः शृणु
AI Translation: O best of men, I shall now tell you the rise, abode and destruction of these. Listen to me as I relate it.
Supplementary Passages:
12.157.6 After 6abc, K5 V1 B Da Dn1. n3 D2-5.7.8 S (G3.4 absent) ins.: *409 क्रोधस्योत्पत्तिमादितः यथातत्त्वं क्षितिपते
लोभात्क्रोधः प्रभवति परदोषैरुदीर्यते क्षमया तिष्ठते राजञ्श्रीमांश्च विनिवर्तते
AI Translation: From greed arises anger, which is aroused by the faults of others. But it is restrained by patience, O king, and then it is overcome.
संकल्पाज्जायते कामः सेव्यमानो विवर्धते अवद्यदर्शनाद्व्येति तत्त्वज्ञानाच्च धीमताम्
AI Translation: From desire is born desire, when indulged it grows. It is destroyed by seeing its faults, and by the knowledge of truth by the wise.
Supplementary Passages:
12.157.8 After 8ab, K5 Da Dn1.n3 D2.3.8 ins.: *410 यदा प्राज्ञो विरमते तदा सद्यः प्रणश्यति परासूया क्रोधलोभावन्तरा प्रतिमुच्यते दयया सर्वभूतानां निर्वेदाद्विनिवर्तते
विरुद्धानि हि शास्त्राणि पश्यन्तीहाल्पबुद्धयः विवित्सा जायते तत्र तत्त्वज्ञानान्निवर्तते
M. N. Dutt: Men, O you of Kuru's race find divergent scriptures. Therefrom originates the desire for various kinds of action. When true knowledge has been acquired, that desire is satisfied.
प्रीतेः शोकः प्रभवति वियोगात्तस्य देहिनः यदा निरर्थकं वेत्ति तदा सद्यः प्रणश्यति
M. N. Dutt: The sorrow of an embodied creature originates from affection which is created by separation. When, however, one learns that the dead do not come back, it disappears.
Supplementary Passages:
12.157.10 After 10, V1 B (B4 after 11ab) Da Dn1 (after 8) D7.9 T2 G1.2 M Cn ins.: *411 अज्ञानप्रभवो मोहः पापाभ्यासात्प्रवर्तते यदा प्राज्ञेषु रमते तदा सद्यः प्रणश्यति
परासुता क्रोधलोभादभ्यासाच्च प्रवर्तते दयया सर्वभूतानां निर्वेदात्सा निवर्तते
M. N. Dutt: Incapacity to bear other people's good originates from anger and covetousness. Though mercy for every creature and by virtue of indifference to all worldly objects, it is put out.
सत्त्वत्यागात्तु मात्सर्यमहितानि च सेवते एतत्तु क्षीयते तात साधूनामुपसेवनात्
M. N. Dutt: Malice springs from the casting off of truth and indulgence in wickedness. This vice, O child, disappears when one waits upon the wise and good.
कुलाज्ज्ञानात्तथैश्वर्यान्मदो भवति देहिनाम् एभिरेव तु विज्ञातैर्मदः सद्यः प्रणश्यति
M. N. Dutt: Pride, in men, originates from birth, learning and prosperity. When those three, are truly known, that vice immediately disappears.
ईर्ष्या कामात्प्रभवति संघर्षाच्चैव भारत इतरेषां तु मर्त्यानां प्रज्ञया सा प्रणश्यति
M. N. Dutt: Jealousy originates from lust and delight in low and mean people. It is destroyed by wisdom.
विभ्रमाल्लोकबाह्यानां द्वेष्यैर्वाक्यैरसंगतैः कुत्सा संजायते राजन्नुपेक्षाभिः प्रशाम्यति
M. N. Dutt: Slander originates from errors of men's daily conduct and through disagreeable speeches expressing aversion. It disappears, O King, when the whole world is seen.
प्रतिकर्तुमशक्याय बलस्थायापकारिणे असूया जायते तीव्रा कारुण्याद्विनिवर्तते
M. N. Dutt: When the person that injures is powerful and the one injured is unable to avenge the injury, hate appears. It disappears, however, through kindless.
कृपणान्सततं दृष्ट्वा ततः संजायते कृपा धर्मनिष्ठां यदा वेत्ति तदा शाम्यति सा कृपा
M. N. Dutt: Mercy proceeds from seeing the helpless and miserable persons with whom the world abounds. It disappears when one understands the strength of virtue.
Supplementary Passages:
12.157.17 Ś1 K V1 (marg.) D1 ins. after 17ab: K1.3.5 Da Dn1.n3 D2-4.8.9 T2 after 17cd: D7 T1 G5 after 13: *412 अज्ञानप्रभवो लोभो भूतानां दृश्यते सदा अस्थिरत्वं च भोगानां दृष्ट्वा ज्ञात्वा निवर्तते
एतान्येव जितान्याहुः प्रशमाच्च त्रयोदश एते हि धार्तराष्ट्राणां सर्वे दोषास्त्रयोदश त्वया सर्वात्मना नित्यं विजिता जेष्यसे च तान्
M. N. Dutt: It has been said that tranquility of soul, can alone conquer all these thirteen faults. All these thirteen faults visited the sons of Dhritarashtra. Yourself, always desirous of truth, have conquered all the those vices of virtue of your respect for your elders,