Critical Edition
व्यास उवाच अथ चेद्रोचयेदेतद्द्रुह्येत मनसा तथा उन्मज्जंश्च निमज्जंश्च ज्ञानवान्प्लववान्भवेत्
M. N. Dutt: Vyasa said If Liberation is sought for, then knowledge should be acquired. For a person who is carried up and down along the stream of Time or life, Knowledge is the raft by which he can reach the shore.
प्रज्ञया निर्मितैर्धीरास्तारयन्त्यबुधान्प्लवैः नाबुधास्तारयन्त्यन्यानात्मानं वा कथंचन
M. N. Dutt: Those wise men who have acquired fixed conclusions of the nature of the soul by the help of wisdom, are able of assist the ignorant in crossing the river of time or life with the raft of knowledge. The ignorant, are unable to save either themselves or others.
छिन्नदोषो मुनिर्योगान्युक्तो युञ्जीत द्वादश दशकर्मसुखानर्थानुपायापायनिर्भयः
M. N. Dutt: He who has freed himself from desire and all other faults, and who has freed himself from all attachments, should attend to these twelve requirements of Yoga, viz., place, acts, affection, objects, means, destruction, certainty, eyes, food, suppression, mind and survey.
चक्षुराचारवित्प्राज्ञो मनसा दर्शनेन च यच्छेद्वाङ्मनसी बुद्ध्या य इच्छेज्ज्ञानमुत्तमम् ज्ञानेन यच्छेदात्मानं य इच्छेच्छान्तिमात्मनः
M. N. Dutt: He who wishes to acquire superior Knowledge, should, by the help of his understanding, restrain both speech and mind. He who wishes to have tranquillity, should, by the help of his knowledge, govern his soul.
एतेषां चेदनुद्रष्टा पुरुषोऽपि सुदारुणः यदि वा सर्ववेदज्ञो यदि वाप्यनृचोऽजपः
AI Translation: If the person who is the witness of these is also very terrible, or if he is a knower of all the Vedas, or if he is one who does not recite the Rg verses,
यदि वा धार्मिको यज्वा यदि वा पापकृत्तमः यदि वा पुरुषव्याघ्रो यदि वा क्लैब्यधारिता
AI Translation: If he is a righteous performer of sacrifices, or the greatest sinner, If he is a tiger among men, or one who bears weakness,
तरत्येव महादुर्गं जरामरणसागरम् एवं ह्येतेन योगेन युञ्जानोऽप्येकमन्ततः अपि जिज्ञासमानो हि शब्दब्रह्मातिवर्तते
M. N. Dutt: Without speaking of the results of the attainment of Brahma by Yoga, it may be said that he who engages himself to only enquire after the Soul rises above the necessity of observing the acts laid down in the Vedas.
धर्मोपस्थो ह्रीवरूथ उपायापायकूबरः अपानाक्षः प्राणयुगः प्रज्ञायुर्जीवबन्धनः
AI Translation: Dharmaupastha, Hrivarutha, Upayapayakubara, Apanaaksha, Pranayuga, Prajnayu, Jeevabandha
चेतनाबन्धुरश्चारुराचारग्रहनेमिवान् दर्शनस्पर्शनवहो घ्राणश्रवणवाहनः
AI Translation: One who is gentle due to consciousness, who is beautiful, who is like a rope for the control of good conduct, One who carries sight and touch, who carries smell and hearing,
प्रज्ञानाभिः सर्वतन्त्रप्रतोदो ज्ञानसारथिः क्षेत्रज्ञाधिष्ठितो धीरः श्रद्धादमपुरःसरः
AI Translation: The one who is the sword of all tantras with the sword of wisdom, the charioteer of knowledge, The one who is established in the knower of fields, the wise one, preceded by faith and self-control,
त्यागवर्त्मानुगः क्षेम्यः शौचगो ध्यानगोचरः जीवयुक्तो रथो दिव्यो ब्रह्मलोके विराजते
AI Translation: One who follows the path of renunciation, who is peaceful, who is pure, who is the object of meditation, The divine chariot with the living being shines in the world of Brahman.
अथ संत्वरमाणस्य रथमेतं युयुक्षतः अक्षरं गन्तुमनसो विधिं वक्ष्यामि शीघ्रगम्
M. N. Dutt: I shall now tell you the speedy means that should be followed by the person who would get ready his car in such a way for passing through this forest of the world in order to reach the goal formed by Brahma that is above decrepitude and destruction.
सप्त यो धारणाः कृत्स्ना वाग्यतः प्रतिपद्यते पृष्ठतः पार्श्वतश्चान्या यावत्यस्ताः प्रधारणाः
M. N. Dutt: To fix the mind upon one thing at a time is called Dharana, following proper vows and restraints, the Yogin practises in all seven kinds of Dharana. There are, again, as many sorts of Dharanas originating out of these, upon subjects which are near or distant.
क्रमशः पार्थिवं यच्च वायव्यं खं तथा पयः ज्योतिषो यत्तदैश्वर्यमहंकारस्य बुद्धितः
M. N. Dutt: Through these the Yogin by and by, lords Earth, Wind, Ether, Water, Fire, Consciousness, and Understanding. After this he gradually lords over the Unmanifest.
अव्यक्तस्य तथैश्वर्यं क्रमशः प्रतिपद्यते विक्रमाश्चापि यस्यैते तथा युङ्क्ते स योगतः
AI Translation: He gradually attains the unmanifest and its power, and also the prowess of him who has these prowess, he unites with yoga.
अथास्य योगयुक्तस्य सिद्धिमात्मनि पश्यतः निर्मथ्यमानः सूक्ष्मत्वाद्रूपाणीमानि दर्शयेत्
AI Translation: Then, when he is united with Yoga, and sees success in himself, Being churned, these forms would be shown due to subtlety.
शैशिरस्तु यथा धूमः सूक्ष्मः संश्रयते नभः तथा देहाद्विमुक्तस्य पूर्वरूपं भवत्युत
AI Translation: Just as smoke, which is subtle, is attached to the sky, so also, after being released from the body, the previous form becomes.
अथ धूमस्य विरमे द्वितीयं रूपदर्शनम् जलरूपमिवाकाशे तत्रैवात्मनि पश्यति
AI Translation: Then, when the smoke ceases, the second form is seen. Like the form of water in the sky, he sees it in the self alone.
अपां व्यतिक्रमे चापि वह्निरूपं प्रकाशते तस्मिन्नुपरते चास्य पीतवस्त्रवदिष्यते ऊर्णारूपसवर्णं च तस्य रूपं प्रकाशते
AI Translation: And when the water is gone, the form of fire appears. And when that is gone, it appears like a yellow garment. And the form of that appears as the color of
Supplementary Passages:
12.228.19 After 19abc, D7 T G1.3.6 M5 ins.: *676 वायव्यं सूक्ष्ममप्यथ रूपं प्रकाशते तत्र After 19d, D7 T G1.3.6 M5 ins.: *677 तस्मिन्नुपरते रूपमाकाशस्य प्रकाशते
अथ श्वेतां गतिं गत्वा वायव्यं सूक्ष्ममप्यजः अशुक्लं चेतसः सौक्ष्म्यमव्यक्तं ब्रह्मणोऽस्य वै
M. N. Dutt: Then having gained whiteness, and the subtility of air, the Brahman's soul attains the supreme whiteness and subtilety of Ether.
Supplementary Passages:
12.228.20 After 20ab, D7 T G1.6 M5 ins.: *678 तस्मिन्नुपरते चास्य बुद्धिरूपं प्रकाशते
एतेष्वपि हि जातेषु फलजातानि मे शृणु जातस्य पार्थिवैश्वर्ये सृष्टिरिष्टा विधीयते
M. N. Dutt: Listen to me, as I tell you the results of these various conditions when they take place. That Yogin who has been able to conquer the element of Earth, acquires by such mastery the power of Creation.
प्रजापतिरिवाक्षोभ्यः शरीरात्सृजति प्रजाः अङ्गुल्यङ्गुष्ठमात्रेण हस्तपादेन वा तथा
AI Translation: Like Prajapati, he generates beings from his body, with just a finger or a thumb, or with his hands and feet.
पृथिवीं कम्पयत्येको गुणो वायोरिति स्मृतः आकाशभूतश्चाकाशे सवर्णत्वात्प्रणश्यति
AI Translation: One quality of wind is said to shake the earth. And the element of space, being of the same color, perishes in space.
वर्णतो गृह्यते चापि कामात्पिबति चाशयान् न चास्य तेजसा रूपं दृश्यते शाम्यते तथा
M. N. Dutt: By mastering over Water, one can drink up rivers, lakes, and oceans. By mastering over Fire, the Yogin becomes so effulgent that his form cannot be spied. He becomes visible only when he puts out the fire within him. When the Yogin succeeds in destroying the consciousness of Ego, these five elements come within his control.
अहंकारस्य विजितेः पञ्चैते स्युर्वशानुगाः षण्णामात्मनि बुद्धौ च जितायां प्रभवत्यथ
AI Translation: When the ego is conquered, these five become obedient followers. When the six are conquered in the self and in the intellect, then one becomes powerful.
निर्दोषा प्रतिभा ह्येनं कृत्स्ना समभिवर्तते तथैव व्यक्तमात्मानमव्यक्तं प्रतिपद्यते
AI Translation: His faultless intuition comes to him in its entirety. And in the same way he realizes the manifest Self in the unmanifest.
यतो निःसरते लोको भवति व्यक्तसंज्ञकः तत्राव्यक्तमयीं व्याख्यां शृणु त्वं विस्तरेण मे तथा व्यक्तमयीं चैव संख्यां पूर्वं निबोध मे
M. N. Dutt: Listen now to me fully as I explain the science of Unmanifest. But first of all listen to me about all that is Manifest as explained in the Sankhya system of philosophy.
पञ्चविंशतितत्त्वानि तुल्यान्युभयतः समम् योगे सांख्येऽपि च तथा विशेषांस्तत्र मे शृणु
M. N. Dutt: In both the Yoga and the Sankhya systems, twenty-five subjects of knowledge have been treated in nearly the same way. Here me as I describe their chief characteristics.
प्रोक्तं तद्व्यक्तमित्येव जायते वर्धते च यत् जीर्यते म्रियते चैव चतुर्भिर्लक्षणैर्युतम्
M. N. Dutt: What is Manifest is possessed of those four attributes, viz., birth, growth, decay and death.
विपरीतमतो यत्तु तदव्यक्तमुदाहृतम् द्वावात्मानौ च वेदेषु सिद्धान्तेष्वप्युदाहृतौ
M. N. Dutt: What does not possess these attributes is said to to be Unmanifest. Two Souls are mentioned in the Vedas and in their auxiliary sciences.
चतुर्लक्षणजं त्वन्यं चतुर्वर्गं प्रचक्षते व्यक्तमव्यक्तजं चैव तथा बुद्धमथेतरत् सत्त्वं क्षेत्रज्ञ इत्येतद्द्वयमप्यनुदर्शितम्
M. N. Dutt: The first is endued with the four attributes already mentioned, and has a longing for the four-fold objects of life. This soul is called Manifest, and it is born of the Unmanifest. It is both Intelligent and non-Intelligent.
द्वावात्मानौ च वेदेषु विषयेषु च रज्यतः विषयात्प्रतिसंहारः सांख्यानां सिद्धिलक्षणम्
AI Translation: The two selves are attached to the Vedas and to the objects. The withdrawal from the objects is the characteristic of success for the Samkhyas.
निर्ममश्चानहंकारो निर्द्वंद्वश्छिन्नसंशयः नैव क्रुध्यति न द्वेष्टि नानृता भाषते गिरः
AI Translation: He is free from ego, free from the notion of “I,” free from duality, and has cut through doubts. He does not get angry or hate, and does not speak false words.
आक्रुष्टस्ताडितश्चैव मैत्रेण ध्याति नाशुभम् वाग्दण्डकर्ममनसां त्रयाणां च निवर्तकः
AI Translation: Even when reviled or beaten, he does not think ill of the assailant. He is one who restrains the three: speech, action, and mind.
समः सर्वेषु भूतेषु ब्रह्माणमभिवर्तते नैवेच्छति न चानिच्छो यात्रामात्रव्यवस्थितः
AI Translation: He is equal to all beings and is devoted to Brahman. He neither desires nor does not desire, but is established in mere subsistence.
अलोलुपोऽव्यथो दान्तो न कृती न निराकृतिः नास्येन्द्रियमनेकाग्रं नातिक्षिप्तमनोरथः अहिंस्रः सर्वभूतानामीदृक्सांख्यो विमुच्यते
AI Translation: He is not greedy, not distressed, not subdued, not successful, not unsuccessful, His senses are not distracted, his desires are not too much scattered, He is not violent towards
Supplementary Passages:
12.228.36 After 36cd, K7 Ds2 D4-6.9 Kumbh. ed. ins.: *679 सर्वभूतहितो मैत्रः समलोष्टाश्मकाञ्चनः तुल्यप्रियाप्रियो धीरस्तुल्यनिन्दात्मसंस्तुतिः अस्पृहः सर्वकामेभ्यो ब्रह्मचर्ये दृढश्च यः
अथ योगाद्विमुच्यन्ते कारणैर्यैर्निबोध मे योगैश्वर्यमतिक्रान्तो योऽतिक्रामति मुच्यते
AI Translation: Now, by what means do they become liberated through Yoga? Know that from me. He who has transcended the mastery of Yoga and who transcends, is liberated.
इत्येषा भावजा बुद्धिः कथिता ते न संशयः एवं भवति निर्द्वंद्वो ब्रह्माणं चाधिगच्छति
M. N. Dutt: I have thus described to you those topics, viz., Liberation according to the Yoga system which are dissimilar if the speaker be disposed to treat them as such. Thus can one get over all pairs of opposites. thus can one attain to Brahma.