Critical Edition
युधिष्ठिर उवाच द्विजातयो व्रतोपेता हविस्ते यदि भुञ्जते अन्नं ब्राह्मणकामाय कथमेतत्पितामह
M. N. Dutt: Yudhishthira said If Brahmanas who observe a vow (viz., fast) eat, at the invitation of a Brahmana, the Havi, can they be charged with the sin of violating their vow? Tell me this, O Grandfather.
भीष्म उवाच अवेदोक्तव्रताश्चैव भुञ्जानाः कार्यकारिणः वेदोक्तेषु तु भुञ्जाना व्रतलुप्ता युधिष्ठिर
M. N. Dutt: Bhishma said Let those Brahmanas eat, moved by desire, who observe such vows as are not laid down in the Vedas. About those Brahmanas, however, who observe such vows as are laid down in the Vedas, they are considered as guilty of a breach of their vow, O Yudhishthira, by eating the Havi of Shraddha at the request of him who performs the Shraddha.
युधिष्ठिर उवाच यदिदं तप इत्याहुरुपवासं पृथग्जनाः तपः स्यादेतदिह वै तपोऽन्यद्वापि किं भवेत्
M. N. Dutt: Yudhishthira said Some people say that fast is a penance. Is penance really at one with fast or is it not so? Tell me this, O grandfather.
भीष्म उवाच मासार्धमासौ नोपवसेद्यत्तपो मन्यते जनः आत्मतन्त्रोपघाती यो न तपस्वी न धर्मवित्
M. N. Dutt: Bhishma said People do consider a regular fast for a month or a half month as a penance. The truth, however, is that one who mortifies his own body is not to be considered, either as an ascetic or as one conversant with duty.
त्यागस्यापि च संपत्तिः शिष्यते तप उत्तमम् सदोपवासी च भवेद्ब्रह्मचारी तथैव च
M. N. Dutt: Renunciation, however, is considered as the best of penances. A Brahmana should always abstain from food, and observe the vow of celibacy.
मुनिश्च स्यात्सदा विप्रो देवांश्चैव सदा यजेत् कुटुम्बिको धर्मकामः सदास्वप्नश्च भारत
M. N. Dutt: A Brahmana should always practise self denial controlling even speech, and recite the marry and Vedas. The Brahmana should surround himself with children and relatives, from desire of acquiring virtue. He should never sleep.
अमृताशी सदा च स्यात्पवित्री च सदा भवेत् ऋतवादी सदा च स्यान्नियतश्च सदा भवेत्
M. N. Dutt: He should abstain from meat. He should always read the Vedas and the scriptures. He should always speak the truth, and practise selfcontrol.
विघसाशी सदा च स्यात्सदा चैवातिथिप्रियः अमांसाशी सदा च स्यात्पवित्री च सदा भवेत्
M. N. Dutt: He should eat the residue, (viz., of what remains after serving the deities and guests). Indeed, he should be hospitable towards all that come should be hospitable towards all that come to his house. He should always eat nectar, He should duly observe all rites and celebrate sacrifices.
युधिष्ठिर उवाच कथं सदोपवासी स्याद्ब्रह्मचारी च पार्थिव विघसाशी कथं च स्यात्कथं चैवातिथिप्रियः
M. N. Dutt: Yuthishthira said How may one come to be considered as always observant of fasts? How may one become observant of vows? How, O king, may one come to be an eater of the residue? By doing what may one be said to be fond of guests.
भीष्म उवाच अन्तरा सायमाशं च प्रातराशं तथैव च सदोपवासी भवति यो न भुङ्क्तेऽन्तरा पुनः
M. N. Dutt: Bhishma said He who takes food only morning and evening at the appointed hours and abstains from all food during the interval, is said to be an abstainer from food.
Supplementary Passages:
13.93.10 For 10cd, T1 subst.: *417 यो न भुङ्क्ते स भवति उपवासी सदा द्विजः
भार्यां गच्छन्ब्रह्मचारी सदा भवति चैव ह ऋतवादी सदा च स्याद्दानशीलश्च मानवः
M. N. Dutt: He who knows only his married wife and that only at her season, is said to be observant of the vow of celibacy. By always making gifts, one comes to be considered as truthful in speech,
अभक्षयन्वृथा मांसममांसाशी भवत्युत दानं ददत्पवित्री स्यादस्वप्नश्च दिवास्वपन्
M. N. Dutt: By abstaining from all meat obtained from animals killed for nothing, one becomes an abstainer from meat. By making gifts one becomes purged of all sins, and by abstaining from sleep during day time, one comes to be considered always awake,
भृत्यातिथिषु यो भुङ्क्ते भुक्तवत्सु नरः सदा अमृतं केवलं भुङ्क्ते इति विद्धि युधिष्ठिर
M. N. Dutt: He who always eats what remains after serving the guests and servants, know, O Yuthishthira, is said to always eat nectar.
अभुक्तवत्सु नाश्नाति ब्राह्मणेषु तु यो नरः अभोजनेन तेनास्य जितः स्वर्गो भवत्युत
M. N. Dutt: He who abstains from eating till Brahmanas have eaten, is considered considered as conquering Heaven by such abstention.
देवेभ्यश्च पितृभ्यश्च भृत्येभ्योऽतिथिभिः सह अवशिष्टानि यो भुङ्क्ते तमाहुर्विघसाशिनम्
M. N. Dutt: He who eats what remains after serving the celestials, the departed Manes, and relatives and dependants, is said to eat Vighasa or the residue.
तेषां लोका ह्यपर्यन्ताः सदने ब्रह्मणः स्मृताः उपस्थिता ह्यप्सरोभिर्गन्धर्वैश्च जनाधिप
M. N. Dutt: Such man acquire many regions of happiness in the abode of Brahman himself, There, o king, they live in the company of Apsaras and Gandharvas.
देवतातिथिभिः सार्धं पितृभिश्चोपभुञ्जते रमन्ते पुत्रपौत्रैश्च तेषां गतिरनुत्तमा
M. N. Dutt: Indeed, they sport and enjoy in these regions, with the celestials and guests and the departed Manes in their company, and surrounded by their children and grandchildren. Even such becomes their high end. own