Critical Edition
ब्रह्मोवाच बुद्धिसारं मनस्तम्भमिन्द्रियग्रामबन्धनम् महाभूतारविष्कम्भं निमेषपरिवेष्टनम्
M. N. Dutt: Brahman said The wheel of life moves on. It has the understanding for its strength; the mind for the pole; the group of senses for its fetters, the (five) great elements for its have, and home for its circumference.
जराशोकसमाविष्टं व्याधिव्यसनसंचरम् देशकालविचारीदं श्रमव्यायामनिस्वनम्
M. N. Dutt: It is possessed by decrepitude and sorrow and it has diseases and calamities for its progeny. That wheel relates in time and place. It has toil and exercise for its noise.
अहोरात्रपरिक्षेपं शीतोष्णपरिमण्डलम् सुखदुःखान्तसंक्लेशं क्षुत्पिपासावकीलनम्
M. N. Dutt: Day and Night are the rotations of that wheel. It is encircled by heat and cold. Pleasure and pain are its joints, are hunger and thirst are the nails fixed into it.
छायातपविलेखं च निमेषोन्मेषविह्वलम् घोरमोहजनाकीर्णं वर्तमानमचेतनम्
M. N. Dutt: Sun-shine and shade are the ruts. It is capable of being moved during even such a short space of time as is taken up by the opening and the closing of the eyelid. It is covered with the dreadful waters of delusion. It is ever revolving and void of consciousness.
मासार्धमासगणितं विषमं लोकसंचरम् तमोनिचयपङ्कं च रजोवेगप्रवर्तकम्
M. N. Dutt: It is measured by months and half-months. It is not uniform (being ever changing), and moves through all the worlds. Penance and vows are its mud, Passions' force is its mover.
सत्त्वालंकारदीप्तं च गुणसंघातमण्डलम् स्वरविग्रहनाभीकं शोकसंघातवर्तनम्
AI Translation: The ornament of beings, shining, the circle of the mass of qualities, The body of sound, the navel, the turning of the mass of grief,
क्रियाकारणसंयुक्तं रागविस्तारमायतम् लोभेप्सापरिसंख्यातं विविक्तज्ञानसंभवम्
M. N. Dutt: It has actions and the instruments of action. It is large and is extended by attachments. It is rendered unsteady by cupidity and desire. It is produced by varicgated Ignorance.
भयमोहपरीवारं भूतसंमोहकारकम् आनन्दप्रीतिधारं च कामक्रोधपरिग्रहम्
M. N. Dutt: It is full of fear and delusion, and is the cause of the delusion of all beings. It moves towards joy and pleasure, and has desire and anger for its possession.
महदादिविशेषान्तमसक्तप्रभवाव्ययम् मनोजवनमश्रान्तं कालचक्रं प्रवर्तते
M. N. Dutt: It is made up of principles beginning with greatness and ending with the gross elements. It is marked by production and destruction going on ceaselessly. Its speed is like that of the mind, and it has the mind for its limit.
एतद्द्वंद्वसमायुक्तं कालचक्रमचेतनम् विसृजेत्संक्षिपेच्चापि बोधयेत्सामरं जगत्
M. N. Dutt: This wheel of life which is connected with pairs of opposites and devoid of consciousness, the universe with the very immortals should cast away, abridge, and chcek.
कालचक्रप्रवृत्तिं च निवृत्तिं चैव तत्त्वतः यस्तु वेद नरो नित्यं न स भूतेषु मुह्यति
M. N. Dutt: That man who ever understands correctly the motion and stoppage of this whcel of life, is never seen to be deluded, among all creatures.
विमुक्तः सर्वसंक्लेशैः सर्वद्वंद्वातिगो मुनिः विमुक्तः सर्वपापेभ्यः प्राप्नोति परमां गतिम्
M. N. Dutt: Freed from all impressions, divested of all Pairs of opposites, freed froin all sins, he। attains to the highest goal.
गृहस्थो ब्रह्मचारी च वानप्रस्थोऽथ भिक्षुकः चत्वार आश्रमाः प्रोक्ताः सर्वे गार्हस्थ्यमूलकाः
M. N. Dutt: The householder, the Brahmacharin the hermit and the mendicant, these are modes of life have all been said to the householder's mode for their root.
यः कश्चिदिह लोके च ह्यागमः संप्रकीर्तितः तस्यान्तगमनं श्रेयः कीर्तिरेषा सनातनी
M. N. Dutt: The observance of every system of rules is prescribed in this world. Such observance has always been highly spoken of.
संस्कारैः संस्कृतः पूर्वं यथावच्चरितव्रतः जातौ गुणविशिष्टायां समावर्तेत वेदवित्
M. N. Dutt: He who has been first purified by ceremonies, who has duly observed vows, who belongs by birth to a family of high qualifications, and who understands the Vedas, should return (from his preceptor's house).
स्वदारनिरतो दान्तः शिष्टाचारो जितेन्द्रियः पञ्चभिश्च महायज्ञैः श्रद्दधानो यजेत ह
M. N. Dutt: Always devoted to his married wife, acting like a good man, with his senses under control, and full of faith, one should in this world perform the five sacrifice.
देवतातिथिशिष्टाशी निरतो वेदकर्मसु इज्याप्रदानयुक्तश्च यथाशक्ति यथाविधि
AI Translation: One who eats the leftovers of the gods and guests, who is devoted to Vedic rituals, And who performs worship and gives gifts according to one's ability and in accordance with the prescribed procedure,
न पाणिपादचपलो न नेत्रचपलो मुनिः न च वागङ्गचपल इति शिष्टस्य गोचरः
AI Translation: The sage is not restless in hand and foot, nor restless in eye, nor restless in speech and body. Thus is the sage within the range of the good.
नित्ययज्ञोपवीती स्याच्छुक्लवासाः शुचिव्रतः नियतो दमदानाभ्यां सदा शिष्टैश्च संविशेत्
M. N. Dutt: One should always bear the sacred thread, wear white (clean) cloths, observe pure vows, and should always mix with good men, making gifts and practising self-control.
जितशिश्नोदरो मैत्रः शिष्टाचारसमाहितः वैणवीं धारयेद्यष्टिं सोदकं च कमण्डलुम्
M. N. Dutt: One should govern his lust and stomach, practise universal compassion, and be characterised by good conduct. One should bear a bamboo-stick, and a water-pot filled with water.
Supplementary Passages:
14.45.20 After 20, T G M3 ins.: *84 त्रीणि धारयते नित्यं कमण्डलुमतन्द्रितः एकमाचमनार्थाय एकं वै पादधावनम् एकं शौचविधानार्थमित्येतत्त्रितयं तथा
अधीत्याध्यापनं कुर्यात्तथा यजनयाजने दानं प्रतिग्रहं चैव षड्गुणां वृत्तिमाचरेत्
M. N. Dutt: Having studied, one should teach likewise should celebrate sacrifices himself and officiate at the sacrifices of others. One should also make gifts made to oneself. Indeed, one's conduct should be marked by these six deeds.
त्रीणि कर्माणि यानीह ब्राह्मणानां तु जीविका याजनाध्यापने चोभे शुद्धाच्चापि प्रतिग्रहः
M. N. Dutt: Know that three of these acts should form the livelihood of the Brahmanas, viz., teaching (pupils), officiating at the sacrifices of others, and the acceptance of gifts from a person who is pure.
अवशेषाणि चान्यानि त्रीणि कर्माणि यानि तु दानमध्ययनं यज्ञो धर्मयुक्तानि तानि तु
M. N. Dutt: As to the other duties which remain, numberir:g three viz., making of gifts, study, and sacrifice, these are accompanied by merit.
तेष्वप्रमादं कुर्वीत त्रिषु कर्मसु धर्मवित् दान्तो मैत्रः क्षमायुक्तः सर्वभूतसमो मुनिः
M. N. Dutt: Observant of penances, self-controlled, practising universal mercy and forgiveness, and loO king upon all creatures impartially, the man who is conversant with duties should never be careless about those three acts.
सर्वमेतद्यथाशक्ति विप्रो निर्वर्तयञ्शुचिः एवं युक्तो जयेत्स्वर्गं गृहस्थः संशितव्रतः
M. N. Dutt: The learned Brahmana of pure hear, who leads the domestic mode of life and practise rigid vows, thus devoted and thus performing all duties to the best of his power, succeeds in conquering the celestial region.