Critical Edition
द्रौपद्युवाच नमो धात्रे विधात्रे च यौ मोहं चक्रतुस्तव पितृपैतामहे वृत्ते वोढव्ये तेऽन्यथा मतिः
M. N. Dutt: Draupadi said: I bow to Dhatri and Vidhatri who have thus bewildered my sense; you think otherwise from your father and grandfather regarding what you have got to bear.
Supplementary Passages:
3.31.1 After 1, K2 B (except B1) Dc Dn D4-6 ins.: *107 कर्मभिश्चिन्तितो लोको गत्यागत्या पृथग्विधः तस्मात्कर्माणि नित्यानि लोभान्मोक्षं यियासति
नेह धर्मानृशंस्याभ्यां न क्षान्त्या नार्जवेन च पुरुषः श्रियमाप्नोति न घृणित्वेन कर्हिचित्
AI Translation: Here, a man does not attain prosperity by non-violence, patience, or honesty, nor by compassion at any time.
त्वां चेद्व्यसनमभ्यागादिदं भारत दुःसहम् यत्त्वं नार्हसि नापीमे भ्रातरस्ते महौजसः
M. N. Dutt: Or else, O descendant of Bharata, this unbearable misfortune would not have befallen you, who are so unworthy of it and your brothers of great energy.
न हि तेऽध्यगमञ्जातु तदानीं नाद्य भारत धर्मात्प्रियतरं किंचिदपि चेज्जीवितादिह
M. N. Dutt: Neither then, nor even now, O descendant of Bharata, has anything appeared to you dearer than virtue, which is dearer to you even than your life.
धर्मार्थमेव ते राज्यं धर्मार्थं जीवितं च ते ब्राह्मणा गुरवश्चैव जानन्त्यपि च देवताः
M. N. Dutt: That your kingdom is for virtue and your life even is for virtue, is known by Brahmanas, superiors and even celestials.
भीमसेनार्जुनौ चैव माद्रेयौ च मया सह त्यजेस्त्वमिति मे बुद्धिर्न तु धर्मं परित्यजेः
M. N. Dutt: You can abandon Bhimasena, Arjuna these twin sons of Madri along with myself, I think, but you can never renounce virtue.
राजानं धर्मगोप्तारं धर्मो रक्षति रक्षितः इति मे श्रुतमार्याणां त्वां तु मन्ये न रक्षति
M. N. Dutt: I have heard from elders that a king protects virtue and virtue in return protects him-but methinks it does not protect you.
अनन्या हि नरव्याघ्र नित्यदा धर्ममेव ते बुद्धिः सततमन्वेति छायेव पुरुषं निजा
M. N. Dutt: O best of men, like a shadow following a man, you with a singleness of purpose always follow virtue.
Supplementary Passages:
3.31.8 After 8, B3 ins.: *108 छायेवान्वेति पुरुषं धर्मः साधु मयार्जितः
नावमंस्था हि सदृशान्नावराञ्श्रेयसः कुतः अवाप्य पृथिवीं कृत्स्नां न ते शृङ्गमवर्धत
M. N. Dutt: You have never disregarded your equals, inferiors and superiors; obtaining even the entire universe your pride never increased.
स्वाहाकारैः स्वधाभिश्च पूजाभिरपि च द्विजान् दैवतानि पितॄंश्चैव सततं पार्थ सेवसे
M. N. Dutt: O son of Pritha, with Yvahas and Svaddhas and other forms of worship you ever adore the Brahmanas, the celestials and the Pitris.
ब्राह्मणाः सर्वकामैस्ते सततं पार्थ तर्पिताः यतयो मोक्षिणश्चैव गृहस्थाश्चैव भारत
AI Translation: O son of Pritha, the Brahmanas are always satisfied with all their desires. The ascetics, the seekers of liberation, and the householders, O descendant of Bharata,
Supplementary Passages:
3.31.11 After 11, K2 B Dc Dn D4-6 T2 G2-4 ins.: *109 भुञ्जते रुक्मपात्रीभिर्यत्राहं परिचारिका
आरण्यकेभ्यो लौहानि भाजनानि प्रयच्छसि नादेयं ब्राह्मणेभ्यस्ते गृहे किंचन विद्यते
AI Translation: You give iron vessels to the forest-dwellers, and in your house there is nothing to be given to the Brahmins.
यदिदं वैश्वदेवान्ते सायंप्रातः प्रदीयते तद्दत्त्वातिथिभृत्येभ्यो राजञ्शेषेण जीवसि
M. N. Dutt: Having distributed duly, O king, all to the guests in the Vishvadeva sacrifice that is solemnized in your house for your peace you live upon what remains.
Supplementary Passages:
3.31.13 After 13, Dc2 Dn2 D5 ins.: *110 श्वभ्यश्च श्वपचेभ्यश्च दत्त्वा शिष्टेन जीवसि
इष्टयः पशुबन्धाश्च काम्यनैमित्तिकाश्च ये वर्तन्ते पाकयज्ञाश्च यज्ञकर्म च नित्यदा
M. N. Dutt: Ishtis, Pashubandhas, sacrifice for obtaining the gratification of desires and ordinary household ceremonies, Paka sacrifices and various other rites are daily performed in your house.
अस्मिन्नपि महारण्ये विजने दस्युसेविते राष्ट्रादपेत्य वसतो धार्मस्ते नावसीदति
M. N. Dutt: Even in this huge solitary forest frequented by robbers, living in banishment, deprived of your kingdom your virtue has suffered no decrease.
अश्वमेधो राजसूयः पुण्डरीकोऽथ गोसवः एतैरपि महायज्ञैरिष्टं ते भूरिदक्षिणैः
M. N. Dutt: The Ashvamedha, the Rajasuya, Pundarika, the Gosava-all these great sacrifices requiring large gifts have been celebrated by you.
राजन्परीतया बुद्ध्या विषमेऽक्षपराजये राज्यं वसून्यायुधानि भ्रातॄन्मां चासि निर्जितः
M. N. Dutt: O king, by your perverse understanding, in your defeat at the gambling match you lost your kingdom, wealth, weapons your brothers and even myself.
ऋजोर्मृदोर्वदान्यस्य ह्रीमतः सत्यवादिनः कथमक्षव्यसनजा बुद्धिरापतिता तव
M. N. Dutt: How could your mind, siinple, gentle, liberal, modest and truthful as you are, be drawn to the vice of gambling?
अतीव मोहमायाति मनश्च परिदूयते निशाम्य ते दुःखमिदमिमां चापदमीदृशीम्
M. N. Dutt: Beholding this your calamity and misfortune my sense is bewildered and mind overwhelmed.
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ईश्वरस्य वशे लोकस्तिष्ठते नात्मनो यथा
M. N. Dutt: I shall cite here an old historical incident as an illustration that men are subject to the will of Providence and not to themselves.
धातैव खलु भूतानां सुखदुःखे प्रियाप्रिये दधाति सर्वमीशानः पुरस्ताच्छुक्रमुच्चरन्
M. N. Dutt: The Lord Ishana ordains beforehand, with reference to weal and woe, happiness and misery, of all creatures like a seed.
यथा दारुमयी योषा नरवीर समाहिता ईरयत्यङ्गमङ्गानि तथा राजन्निमाः प्रजाः
M. N. Dutt: O hero among men, O king, as a wooden figure is made to move its limbs by the wirepuller so are all these creatures (made to act by the lord.)
आकाश इव भूतानि व्याप्य सर्वाणि भारत ईश्वरो विदधातीह कल्याणं यच्च पापकम्
M. N. Dutt: O descendant of Bharata, pervading all creatures, like ethereal space the Providence ordains its happiness or misery.
शकुनिस्तन्तुबद्धो वा नियतोऽयमनीश्वरः ईश्वरस्य वशे तिष्ठन्नान्येषां नात्मनः प्रभुः
M. N. Dutt: Like a bird tied with a string all creatures depend upon God; they all live in dependence upon God not upon others; nor are they their own masters.
मणिः सूत्र इव प्रोतो नस्योत इव गोवृषः धातुरादेशमन्वेति तन्मयो हि तदर्पणः
AI Translation: The gem is like a thread, the bull is like a rope, the metal follows the command, for it is of that nature and reflects it.
नात्माधीनो मनुष्योऽयं कालं भवति कंचन स्रोतसो मध्यमापन्नः कूलाद्वृक्ष इव च्युतः
AI Translation: Man is not his own master; he is subject to time. He is like a tree fallen from the bank into the middle of a river.
अज्ञो जन्तुरनीशोऽयमात्मनः सुखदुःखयोः ईश्वरप्रेरितो गच्छेत्स्वर्गं नरकमेव च
M. N. Dutt: Ignorant as they are, creatures are not masters of their own happiness or misery; dispatched by the Providence they either go to heaven or hell.
यथा वायोस्तृणाग्राणि वशं यान्ति बलीयसः धातुरेवं वशं यान्ति सर्वभूतानि भारत
M. N. Dutt: As light straws are brought to the subjugation of the strong wind, so all creatures, O descendant of Bharata, depend upon the Creator.
आर्यकर्मणि युञ्जानः पापे वा पुनरीश्वरः व्याप्य भूतानि चरते न चायमिति लक्ष्यते
M. N. Dutt: Again, performing actions right or wrong and pervading the universe, the Lord exists but is not perceived by any (who can say) "This is God."
हेतुमात्रमिदं धातुः शरीरं क्षेत्रसंज्ञितम् येन कारयते कर्म शुभाशुभफलं विभुः
M. N. Dutt: This physical body is merely the instrument of God by which the Lord engages them in actions, the fruits of which are cither good or bad.
पश्य मायाप्रभावोऽयमीश्वरेण यथा कृतः यो हन्ति भूतैर्भूतानि मोहयित्वात्ममायया
M. N. Dutt: Behold the power of the illusive energy by which he makes them kill their fellows.
अन्यथा परिदृष्टानि मुनिभिर्वेददर्शिभिः अन्यथा परिवर्तन्ते वेगा इव नभस्वतः
M. N. Dutt: This is seen in a different light by the sages seeing the real truths; they appear to them in a different light like the rays of the sun.
अन्यथैव हि मन्यन्ते पुरुषास्तानि तानि च अन्यथैव प्रभुस्तानि करोति विकरोति च
M. N. Dutt: Ordinary people see all those things in a different view; the Lord create and destroy them in a different way.
यथा काष्ठेन वा काष्ठमश्मानं चाश्मना पुनः अयसा चाप्ययश्छिन्द्यान्निर्विचेष्टमचेतनम्
AI Translation: Just as one can cut wood with wood, stone with stone, and iron with iron, and cut the lifeless, unconscious body with iron,
एवं स भगवान्देवः स्वयम्भूः प्रपितामहः हिनस्ति भूतैर्भूतानि छद्म कृत्वा युधिष्ठिर
AI Translation: Thus, that Self-existent Lord, the grandfather, destroys beings with beings, assuming a disguise, O Yudhiṣṭhira.
संप्रयोज्य वियोज्यायं कामकारकरः प्रभुः क्रीडते भगवान्भूतैर्बालः क्रीडनकैरिव
M. N. Dutt: Like a child playing with his creatures, creating and destroying them.
न मातृपितृवद्राजन्धाता भूतेषु वर्तते रोषादिव प्रवृत्तोऽयं यथायमितरो जनः
M. N. Dutt: O king, the Providence behaves towards the creatures, like a father or mother, like an ordinary person he (sometimes) seems to be angry towards them.
आर्याञ्शीलवतो दृष्ट्वा ह्रीमतो वृत्तिकर्शितान् अनार्यान्सुखिनश्चैव विह्वलामीव चिन्तया
M. N. Dutt: Sceing elderly, well behaved and modest persons, in distress and the vicious, in happiness, I am beside myself with thought.
तवेमामापदं दृष्ट्वा समृद्धिं च सुयोधने धातारं गर्हये पार्थ विषमं योऽनुपश्यति
M. N. Dutt: O son of Pritha, seeing your misfortune and the prosperity of Suyodhana, I blame the Providence who sees such an inequality.
आर्यशास्त्रातिगे क्रूरे लुब्धे धर्मापचायिनि धार्तराष्ट्रे श्रियं दत्त्वा धाता किं फलमश्नुते
M. N. Dutt: Conferring prosperity prosperity upon the wily avaricious of Dhritarashtra, who transgresses the sacred scriptures and injures virtue, what fruit shall the Creator reap?
कर्म चेत्कृतमन्वेति कर्तारं नान्यमृच्छति कर्मणा तेन पापेन लिप्यते नूनमीश्वरः
M. N. Dutt: If the act done follows the performer then forsooth, the God himself is contaminated with the sin of every action.
अथ कर्म कृतं पापं न चेत्कर्तारमृच्छति कारणं बलमेवेह जनाञ्शोचामि दुर्बलान्
M. N. Dutt: If the sin consequent upon actions does not touch the doer then the individual power is the cause and I grieve for those who are weak. son