Critical Edition
वैशंपायन उवाच द्वाःस्थं प्राह महाप्राज्ञो धृतराष्ट्रो महीपतिः विदुरं द्रष्टुमिच्छामि तमिहानय माचिरम्
M. N. Dutt: Vaishampayana said The Lord of the Earth Dhritarashtra of great wisdom, said to his attendant-I desire to see Vidura. Bring him here without delay.
प्रहितो धृतराष्ट्रेण दूतः क्षत्तारमब्रवीत् ईश्वरस्त्वां महाराजो महाप्राज्ञ दिदृक्षति
M. N. Dutt: Being sent by Dhritarashtra the messenger said to the Kshatriya-"O you of great wisdom, my lord, the king wants to see you."
एवमुक्तस्तु विदुरः प्राप्य राजनिवेशनम् अब्रवीद्धृतराष्ट्राय द्वाःस्थ मां प्रतिवेदय
M. N. Dutt: Being thus addressed, Vidura, having come to the royal palace, said to the gate keeper-'Announce me to Dhritarashtra.'
द्वाःस्थ उवाच विदुरोऽयमनुप्राप्तो राजेन्द्र तव शासनात् द्रष्टुमिच्छति ते पादौ किं करोतु प्रशाधि माम्
M. N. Dutt: The gate keeper said O chief among kings, Vidura, having come here at your command, desires to behold your feet. Command me what he is to do.
धृतराष्ट्र उवाच प्रवेशय महाप्राज्ञं विदुरं दीर्घदर्शिनम् अहं हि विदुरस्यास्य नाकाल्यो जातु दर्शने
M. N. Dutt: Dhritarashtra said Let the very wise Vidura endued with great foresight enter. I am always willing and prepared to see Vidura.
द्वाःस्थ उवाच प्रविशान्तःपुरं क्षत्तर्महाराजस्य धीमतः न हि ते दर्शनेऽकाल्यो जातु राजा ब्रवीति माम्
M. N. Dutt: The gate keeper said O Kshattri, enter the inner apartments of the wise king; the king told me that he was never unwilling to see you.
वैशंपायन उवाच ततः प्रविश्य विदुरो धृतराष्ट्रनिवेशनम् अब्रवीत्प्राञ्जलिर्वाक्यं चिन्तयानं नराधिपम्
M. N. Dutt: Vaishampayana said Then Vidura having entered the palace of Dhritarashtra said with clasped hands to the lord of men who was absorbed in thought.
Supplementary Passages:
5.33.7 For 7, K (K3 missing) subst.: *166 एवमुक्तः प्रविश्याथ क्षत्ता राजानमब्रवीत्
विदुरोऽहं महाप्राज्ञ संप्राप्तस्तव शासनात् यदि किंचन कर्तव्यमयमस्मि प्रशाधि माम्
M. N. Dutt: O you of great wisdom, I am Vidura, come here by your command, if there is anything to be done, here I am; command me.
धृतराष्ट्र उवाच संजयो विदुर प्राप्तो गर्हयित्वा च मां गतः अजातशत्रोः श्वो वाक्यं सभामध्ये स वक्ष्यति
M. N. Dutt: Dhritarashtra said O Vidura, Sanjaya has arrived here and having found fault with me gone away; the message of Yudhishthira he will deliver in the council.
तस्याद्य कुरुवीरस्य न विज्ञातं वचो मया तन्मे दहति गात्राणि तदकार्षीत्प्रजागरम्
M. N. Dutt: This day was I unable to know (the nature of) the message of the hero among the Kurus; therefore is my body burning, which has caused sleeplessness.
जाग्रतो दह्यमानस्य श्रेयो यदिह पश्यसि तद्ब्रूहि त्वं हि नस्तात धर्मार्थकुशलो ह्यसि
M. N. Dutt: What you consider good for a man who gets no sleep and whose body is burning, tell (me) you are versed in what is regions and what leads to profit.
यतः प्राप्तः संजयः पाण्डवेभ्यो; न मे यथावन्मनसः प्रशान्तिः सर्वेन्द्रियाण्यप्रकृतिं गतानि; किं वक्ष्यतीत्येव हि मेऽद्य चिन्ता
M. N. Dutt: Since Sanjaya has come back from the Pandavas, I have not my usual calmness of mind; all my senses are in disorders I am thinking what he will say.
Supplementary Passages:
5.33.12 After 12, S (except T2) ins.: *167 तन्मे ब्रूहि विदुर सर्वं यथावत् सान्त्वं तस्मै सर्वमजातशत्रोः यथा च नस्तात हितं भवेत प्राज्ञाश्च सर्वे सुखिनो भवेयुः
विदुर उवाच अभियुक्तं बलवता दुर्बलं हीनसाधनम् हृतस्वं कामिनं चोरमाविशन्ति प्रजागराः
M. N. Dutt: Vidura said Sleeplessness overpowers one attacked by a stronger man, the weak, those who have failed to attain an end, those whose wealth has been stolen, those fired with desire and thieves.
कच्चिदेतैर्महादोषैर्न स्पृष्टोऽसि नराधिप कच्चिन्न परवित्तेषु गृध्यन्विपरितप्यसे
M. N. Dutt: I hope, O Lord of men, you have not been affected by any of these grave evils nor are you possessed by covetousness at other people's wealth.
धृतराष्ट्र उवाच श्रोतुमिच्छामि ते धर्म्यं परं नैःश्रेयसं वचः अस्मिन्राजर्षिवंशे हि त्वमेकः प्राज्ञसंमतः
M. N. Dutt: Dhritarashtra said I desire to hear words from you that are at once moral in spirit and beneficial; in this race i of royal devotees; you are the only one ; hundred by the wise.
विदुर उवाच निषेवते प्रशस्तानि निन्दितानि न सेवते अनास्तिकः श्रद्दधान एतत्पण्डितलक्षणम्
M. N. Dutt: Vidura said He is said to be a wise man, whom for a consciousness of the power of one's own self, exertion, forbearance and constancy in religion does not draw aside from the acquisition of the high ends in life.
Supplementary Passages:
5.33.16 After the ref., K (K3 missing) D1.2.7.8 S (except T2) ins.: *168 राजा लक्षणसंपन्नस्त्रैलोक्यस्यापि यो भवेत् प्रेष्यस्ते प्रेषितश्चैव धृतराष्ट्र युधिष्ठिरः विपरीततरश्च त्वं भागधेयेन संमतः अर्चिषा प्रज्ञया चैव धर्मात्मा धर्मकोविदः आनृशंस्यादनुक्रोशाद्धर्मात्सत्यपराक्रमात् गुरुत्वं त्वयि संप्रेक्ष्य बहून्क्लेशांस्तितिक्षते दुर्योधने सौबलेये कर्णे दुःशासने तथा एतेष्वैश्वर्यमाधाय कथं त्वं भूतिमिच्छसि आत्मज्ञानं समारम्भस्तितिक्षा धर्मनित्यता After the above, K1.5 D2.7 read 17cd (repeating it in its proper place); while S (except T2) cont.: *169 वाक्संयमश्च दानं च नैतेष्वेतानि कृत्स्नशः एकस्माद्वृक्षाद्यज्ञपात्राणि राजन् स्रुक्च द्रोणी वोढनी पीडनी च एतद्राजन्ब्रुवतो मे निबोध एकस्मात्पुरुषाज्जायतेऽसच्च सच्च
क्रोधो हर्षश्च दर्पश्च ह्रीस्तम्भो मान्यमानिता यमर्थान्नापकर्षन्ति स वै पण्डित उच्यते
AI Translation: Anger, joy, pride, shame, stiffness, pride, and arrogance - he who is not carried away by these is called wise.
Supplementary Passages:
5.33.17 After 17, T1 G1.5 M read 20; while D2 ins.: *170 योऽन्यथा सन्तमात्मानमन्यथा प्रतिपद्यते कितवेन कृतं पापं चौरेणात्मापहारिणा
यस्य कृत्यं न जानन्ति मन्त्रं वा मन्त्रितं परे कृतमेवास्य जानन्ति स वै पण्डित उच्यते
M. N. Dutt: He is said to be a wise man whose proposed acts, line of action agreed on are not known to other and known only after they have been put into execution.
यस्य कृत्यं न विघ्नन्ति शीतमुष्णं भयं रतिः समृद्धिरसमृद्धिर्वा स वै पण्डित उच्यते
M. N. Dutt: He is called a wise man whose acts are not hampered by cold, heat, fear, lust prosperity or adversity.
यस्य संसारिणी प्रज्ञा धर्मार्थावनुवर्तते कामादर्थं वृणीते यः स वै पण्डित उच्यते
M. N. Dutt: He is called a wise man whose wisdom naturally follows both religion and profit and who chooses such course of life as is of use in both the worlds and not acts immediately resulting in pleasure.
Supplementary Passages:
5.33.20 After 20, D7 ins.: *171 कामादर्थं वृणीते यो मोक्षादर्थं स विन्दति राजनीतिं समीक्ष्याथ स वै पण्डित उच्यते
यथाशक्ति चिकीर्षन्ति यथाशक्ति च कुर्वते न किंचिदवमन्यन्ते पण्डिता भरतर्षभ
M. N. Dutt: Wise men exert to the best of their ability and also act to the best of their ability and they disregard nothing.
क्षिप्रं विजानाति चिरं शृणोति; विज्ञाय चार्थं भजते न कामात् नासंपृष्टो व्युपयुङ्क्ते परार्थे; तत्प्रज्ञानं प्रथमं पण्डितस्य
M. N. Dutt: It the wisdom of the foremost wise man to understand quickly, listen pertinently and having understood the effects of action not to follow them from desire to get pleasure (but from judgment) and not to connect one's self with other peoples' affairs unsolicited.
नाप्राप्यमभिवाञ्छन्ति नष्टं नेच्छन्ति शोचितुम् आपत्सु च न मुह्यन्ति नराः पण्डितबुद्धयः
M. N. Dutt: Men with the wisdom of a wise man do not strive for the unattainable, do not grieves for what is lost and do not lose their senses in calamities.
निश्चित्य यः प्रक्रमते नान्तर्वसति कर्मणः अवन्ध्यकालो वश्यात्मा स वै पण्डित उच्यते
M. N. Dutt: He is said to be a wise man who exerts after having decided on a courts of action and who dose not stop in the middle, who dose not waste his time and who has his self under control.
आर्यकर्मणि रज्यन्ते भूतिकर्माणि कुर्वते हितं च नाभ्यसूयन्ति पण्डिता भरतर्षभ
M. N. Dutt: Wise men rejoice in virtuous deeds and do those that tend to their prosperity and look not with contempt on what is good.
न हृष्यत्यात्मसंमाने नावमानेन तप्यते गाङ्गो ह्रद इवाक्षोभ्यो यः स पण्डित उच्यते
M. N. Dutt: He is said be a wise man who dose not exult in honors to himself and grieves not at intuits and who remains unagitated like a lake near the Ganga.
तत्त्वज्ञः सर्वभूतानां योगज्ञः सर्वकर्मणाम् उपायज्ञो मनुष्याणां नरः पण्डित उच्यते
M. N. Dutt: That man is said to be wise who is cognizant of the nature of all creatures (their ultimate destructibility), of the connections (causes and effects) of all acts and the means of human beings (employed in the attainment of their ends).
प्रवृत्तवाक्चित्रकथ ऊहवान्प्रतिभानवान् आशु ग्रन्थस्य वक्ता च स वै पण्डित उच्यते
M. N. Dutt: He is said to be a wise man who speaks boldly, can talk on diverse subjects, can argue well, has genius and who can explain the meaning of what is written in books at once.
श्रुतं प्रज्ञानुगं यस्य प्रज्ञा चैव श्रुतानुगा असंभिन्नार्यमर्यादः पण्डिताख्यां लभेत सः
M. N. Dutt: He gains the reputation of wise man who regulates his studies by wisdom and whose wisdom follows the books, who is ever ready to respect those that are good.
अश्रुतश्च समुन्नद्धो दरिद्रश्च महामनाः अर्थांश्चाकर्मणा प्रेप्सुर्मूढ इत्युच्यते बुधैः
M. N. Dutt: Wise men call them fools, who though not learned are haughty, though poor are vain and who are who are are desirous of attaining prosperity by wrong acts.
स्वमर्थं यः परित्यज्य परार्थमनुतिष्ठति मिथ्या चरति मित्रार्थे यश्च मूढः स उच्यते
M. N. Dutt: He is said be a fool who neglecting his own interests looks after those of others and who resorts to deceit for (serving) his friends.
Supplementary Passages:
5.33.31 After 31, D8 ins.: *172 यः प्राप्य मानुषं जन्म मोक्षद्वारमपावृतम् गृहेषु सज्जते मूढस्तमारूढच्युतं विदुः
अकामान्कामयति यः कामयानान्परिद्विषन् बलवन्तं च यो द्वेष्टि तमाहुर्मूढचेतसम्
M. N. Dutt: He is said to be foolish-minded who desires what ought not to be desired and forsakes those that are fit to be desired and who treats stronger parties with contempt.
अमित्रं कुरुते मित्रं मित्रं द्वेष्टि हिनस्ति च कर्म चारभते दुष्टं तमाहुर्मूढचेतसम्
M. N. Dutt: He is said be foolish-minded who makes friends of those that are foes and who hates and slays that are well-wishers and who commits wicked acts.
संसारयति कृत्यानि सर्वत्र विचिकित्सते चिरं करोति क्षिप्रार्थे स मूढो भरतर्षभ
M. N. Dutt: He is a fool who gives out his intended acts, who has doubts in every case and who delays in doing things that ought to be done quickly.
Supplementary Passages:
5.33.34 B (B1 missing) D (except D1; Dn2 missing) T2 ins. after 34: K4 (which om. 32-34) ins. after 31: *173 श्राद्धं पितृभ्यो न ददाति दैवतानि न चार्चति सुहृन्मित्रं न लभते तमाहुर्मूढलक्षणम्
अनाहूतः प्रविशति अपृष्टो बहु भाषते विश्वसत्यप्रमत्तेषु मूढचेता नराधमः
M. N. Dutt: That fool the worst of men who enters unasked, speaks much unsolicited and has; confidence in those that are untrust-worthy.
परं क्षिपति दोषेण वर्तमानः स्वयं तथा यश्च क्रुध्यत्यनीशः सन्स च मूढतमो नरः
M. N. Dutt: That man is the worst of fools who throws the blame on others, though himself is to blame and who is though unable to do anything.
आत्मनो बलमज्ञाय धर्मार्थपरिवर्जितम् अलभ्यमिच्छन्नैष्कर्म्यान्मूढबुद्धिरिहोच्यते
M. N. Dutt: He is said to be foolish-headed in this world who is desirous of an object hard to gain without knowing his own strength, without employing adequate means for it and the object if gained securing him neither merit in heaven nor profit in this world.
अशिष्यं शास्ति यो राजन्यश्च शून्यमुपासते कदर्यं भजते यश्च तमाहुर्मूढचेतसम्
M. N. Dutt: He is said to be foolish-minded who punishes, Oking him who deserves not punishment, who flatters big people without their knowledge and who attends on misers.
अर्थं महान्तमासाद्य विद्यामैश्वर्यमेव वा विचरत्यसमुन्नद्धो यः स पण्डित उच्यते
M. N. Dutt: He is said to be a wise man who, having acquired immense wealth, learning or power, conducts himself without any haughtiness.
एकः संपन्नमश्नाति वस्ते वासश्च शोभनम् योऽसंविभज्य भृत्येभ्यः को नृशंसतरस्ततः
M. N. Dutt: Who is meaner then he who though possessed of riches eats and wears pretty looking dresses alone without sharing them amongst his dependents.
एकः पापानि कुरुते फलं भुङ्क्ते महाजनः भोक्तारो विप्रमुच्यन्ते कर्ता दोषेण लिप्यते
M. N. Dutt: One man dose wicked deeds while the fruit is enjoyed by many; others enjoy while the doer alone is blamed.
एकं हन्यान्न वा हन्यादिषुर्मुक्तो धनुष्मता बुद्धिर्बुद्धिमतोत्सृष्टा हन्याद्राष्ट्रं सराजकम्
M. N. Dutt: Only one may or may not be killed by a bowman who has shot an arrow but when a wise man employs his wisdom (viciously) a kingdom may be destroyed along with the king.
एकया द्वे विनिश्चित्य त्रींश्चतुर्भिर्वशे कुरु पञ्च जित्वा विदित्वा षट्सप्त हित्वा सुखी भव
M. N. Dutt: Discriminating the two (right and wrong or the transient and the permanent effect of actions) by means of the one (intellect), bring under your control the three (friend, foe and one who is indifferent in these respects or desire, anger and greed) by means of four (Conciliation, gift dissension and punishment) and subjugating the five (senses) and knowing the six (treaty, war, hunger, thirst, calamity, imbecility, old age and death or desire anger, greed, &c) and keeping yourself away from the seven (women, dice, hunting, drink, harshness of speech severity of punishment and misuse of wealth) be happy.
एकं विषरसो हन्ति शस्त्रेणैकश्च वध्यते सराष्ट्रं सप्रजं हन्ति राजानं मन्त्रविस्रवः
M. N. Dutt: Poison kills but one and also one is slain by a weapon, while disagreement between ministers destroys a king with the kingdom and the subjects.
एकः स्वादु न भुञ्जीत एकश्चार्थान्न चिन्तयेत् एको न गच्छेदध्वानं नैकः सुप्तेषु जागृयात्
M. N. Dutt: Alone one should not taste a delicious dish, alone one should not think of profitable undertakings, alone one should not go on a journey and alone one should not be awake amidst those that are asleep.
एकमेवाद्वितीयं तद्यद्राजन्नावबुध्यसे सत्यं स्वर्गस्य सोपानं पारावारस्य नौरिव
M. N. Dutt: The Being, who has no rival, whom you have not been able to comprehend, is Truth and the Way to Heaven, like a boat in the ocean.
एकः क्षमावतां दोषो द्वितीयो नोपलभ्यते यदेनं क्षमया युक्तमशक्तं मन्यते जनः
M. N. Dutt: There is but one defect in persons of a forgiving disposition; since people consider this man of a foregoing nature to be weak.
Supplementary Passages:
5.33.47 After 47, N (K3 B1 missing) T2 G1.2 ins.: *174 सोऽस्य दोषो न मन्तव्यः क्षमा हि परमं बलम् D2 (marg.).3.4.7.10 T2 G1 cont.: *175 क्षमा गुणो ह्यशक्तानां शक्तानां भूषणं क्षमा क्षमा वशीकृतिर्लोके क्षमया किं न साध्यते शान्तिखड्गः करे यस्य किं करिष्यति दुर्जनः अतृणे पतितो वह्निः स्वयमेवोपशाम्यति D2 (marg.).3.4.7.10 (marg.) T2 G1 cont.: K (K3 missing) B (B1 missing) Dn Ds D1.5.6.8.9 G2 ins. after 174*: *176 अक्षमावान्परं दोषैरात्मानं चैव योजयेत्
एको धर्मः परं श्रेयः क्षमैका शान्तिरुत्तमा विद्यैका परमा दृष्टिरहिंसैका सुखावहा
M. N. Dutt: Virtue is the only highest good forgiveness the supreme peace, knowledge the deepest satisfaction and benevolence the one cause of happiness.
द्वाविमौ ग्रसते भूमिः सर्पो बिलशयानिव राजानं चाविरोद्धारं ब्राह्मणं चाप्रवासिनम्
M. N. Dutt: The earth devours these two, as a serpent destroys living in holes viz., a king who is not a warrior and a Brahmana who has never been away form home (to holy places).
Supplementary Passages:
5.33.49 After 49, D2 ins. 180*, followed by 178* (cf. v.l. 54, 52). On the other hand, T1 G1.4.5 ins. after 49: *177 पृथिव्यां सागरान्तायां द्वाविमौ पुरुषाधमौ
द्वे कर्मणी नरः कुर्वन्नस्मिँल्लोके विरोचते अब्रुवन्परुषं किंचिदसतो नार्थयंस्तथा
M. N. Dutt: By doing two things a man can attain to renown in this world by not indulging in harshness of speech and by disregarding the slightly his honest.
द्वाविमौ पुरुषव्याघ्र परप्रत्ययकारिणौ स्त्रियः कामितकामिन्यो लोकः पूजितपूजकः
M. N. Dutt: These two, 0 best of men, place confidence in others viz. The women who desire men (only because the latter are) desired by other women and the men who worship another (only because the latter is) worshipped by others.
द्वाविमौ कण्टकौ तीक्ष्णौ शरीरपरिशोषणौ यश्चाधनः कामयते यश्च कुप्यत्यनीश्वरः
M. N. Dutt: These two are like sharp thorns consuming the body viz. the man, who being poor, has desires and one, who thought powerless, is yet wrathful.
Supplementary Passages:
5.33.52 K2.4.5 D8.10 ins. after 52: K1, after 54: D2.7, after 180*: *178 द्वाविमौ पुरुषौ लोके सूर्यमण्डलभेदिनौ परिव्राड्योगयुक्तश्च रणे चाभिमुखो हतः K2 D10 ins. after 53: K4, after 180*: K5 D8, after 178*: Dn D3-7 T2, after 52: D2 G2 after 51: T1 G1.4.5 (all four om. line 1), after 49: *179 द्वाविमौ न विराजेते विपरीतेन कर्मणा गृहस्थश्च निरारम्भः कार्यवांश्चैव भिक्षुकः
द्वाविमौ पुरुषौ राजन्स्वर्गस्योपरि तिष्ठतः प्रभुश्च क्षमया युक्तो दरिद्रश्च प्रदानवान्
M. N. Dutt: These two men, O king, are placed above heaven, viz. the powerful man graced with forgiveness and the poor man with charity.
न्यायागतस्य द्रव्यस्य बोद्धव्यौ द्वावतिक्रमौ अपात्रे प्रतिपत्तिश्च पात्रे चाप्रतिपादनम्
M. N. Dutt: Of things earned by just means these two must be looked upon as abuses viz. gifts to the unworthy and refusal to the worthy.
Supplementary Passages:
5.33.54 K2 Dn D3-7 T2 ins. after 54: K4 D10, after 178*: K5 D8, after 179*: D2, after 49: *180 द्वावम्भसि निवेष्टव्यौ गले बद्ध्वा दृढां शिलाम् धनवन्तमदातारं दरिद्रं चातपस्विनम्
त्रयो न्याया मनुष्याणां श्रूयन्ते भरतर्षभ कनीयान्मध्यमः श्रेष्ठ इति वेदविदो विदुः
M. N. Dutt: Men are known to have three means (for attaining of their ends) 0 best the race of Bharatas, they are kuown to people versed in the Vedas as the bad, the middling and the good.
त्रिविधाः पुरुषा राजन्नुत्तमाधममध्यमाः नियोजयेद्यथावत्तांस्त्रिविधेष्वेव कर्मसु
M. N. Dutt: Men too, o king, of three denominations viz., the good, bad middling; they should therefore be employed in their respective avocations-in three sorts of work. are
त्रय एवाधना राजन्भार्या दासस्तथा सुतः यत्ते समधिगच्छन्ति यस्य ते तस्य तद्धनम्
M. N. Dutt: The three are without wealth, O king, viz., the wife, the slave and the son; what ever they earn beings to him to whom they belong.
Supplementary Passages:
5.33.57 After 57, N (except K1.2.5 D1; K3 B1 missing) T ins.: *181 हरणं च परस्वानां परदाराभिमर्शनम् सुहृदश्च परित्यागस्त्रयो दोषाः क्षयावहाः त्रिविधं नरकस्येदं द्वारं नाशनमात्मनः कामः क्रोधस्तथा लोभस्तस्मादेतत्त्रयं त्यजेत् भक्तं च भजमानं च तवास्मीति च वादिनम् त्रीनेताञ्शरणं प्राप्तान्विषमेऽपि न संत्यजेत् वरप्रदानं राज्यं च पुत्रजन्म च भारत शत्रोश्च मोक्षणं कृच्छ्रात्त्रीणि चैकं च तत्समम्
चत्वारि राज्ञा तु महाबलेन; वर्ज्यान्याहुः पण्डितस्तानि विद्यात् अल्पप्रज्ञैः सह मन्त्रं न कुर्या;न्न दीर्घसूत्रैरलसैश्चारणैश्च
M. N. Dutt: These four should be excluded from counsels even by a greatly powerful king-the learned men have said men of little sense should not be consulted-nor men who make unnecessary delays, iazy men and flatterers.
चत्वारि ते तात गृहे वसन्तु; श्रियाभिजुष्टस्य गृहस्थधर्मे वृद्धो ज्ञातिरवसन्नः कुलीनः; सखा दरिद्रो भगिनी चानपत्या
M. N. Dutt: Let these four dwell at your house, O sire, who a householder crowned with are prosperity; viz., aged and worn out cousins, men of noble families, destitute friends and childless sisters.
चत्वार्याह महाराज सद्यस्कानि बृहस्पतिः पृच्छते त्रिदशेन्द्राय तानीमानि निबोध मे
M. N. Dutt: Four things, O great king, were declared to bear fruit instantaneously by Brihaspati on being asked by the chief of the celestial; they are these, listen to me.
देवतानां च संकल्पमनुभावं च धीमताम् विनयं कृतविद्यानां विनाशं पापकर्मणाम्
M. N. Dutt: The resolve of the gods, the intellect, of the wise, the humility of the accomplished and the destruction of wicked deeds.
Supplementary Passages:
5.33.61 After 61, the Bombay, Calcutta and Kumbha- konam ed. ins. the foll. stanza (which is noticed in the comm. of Arj., but not found in our MSS.!): *182 चत्वारि कर्माण्यभयंकराणि भयं प्रयच्छन्त्ययथाकृतानि मानाग्निहोत्रमुत मानमौनं मानेनाधीतमुत मानयज्ञः
पञ्चाग्नयो मनुष्येण परिचर्याः प्रयत्नतः पिता माताग्निरात्मा च गुरुश्च भरतर्षभ
M. N. Dutt: Five fires should be worshipped by a man with care viz., father, mother, Agni, self and spiritual guide, O best the race of Bharata.
पञ्चैव पूजयँल्लोके यशः प्राप्नोति केवलम् देवान्पितॄन्मनुष्यांश्च भिक्षूनतिथिपञ्चमान्
M. N. Dutt: By worshipping these five viz., the gods, the ancestors, men, beggars and guest a man obtains renown in this world.
पञ्च त्वानुगमिष्यन्ति यत्र यत्र गमिष्यसि मित्राण्यमित्रा मध्यस्था उपजीव्योपजीविनः
M. N. Dutt: These five follow you wherever you go viz., friends, those that are neither, dependents nor those who ought to be supported by you.
पञ्चेन्द्रियस्य मर्त्यस्य छिद्रं चेदेकमिन्द्रियम् ततोऽस्य स्रवति प्रज्ञा दृतेः पादादिवोदकम्
M. N. Dutt: Of the five senses in this world, if one has a hole, them from that hole gets out the wisdom of an intelligent man like water, from a pot.
षड्दोषाः पुरुषेणेह हातव्या भूतिमिच्छता निद्रा तन्द्री भयं क्रोध आलस्यं दीर्घसूत्रता
M. N. Dutt: These six defects should be shunned by a man in this world who desires for prosperity viz., sleep drowsiness, fear, anger, laziness and procrastination.
षडिमान्पुरुषो जह्याद्भिन्नां नावमिवार्णवे अप्रवक्तारमाचार्यमनधीयानमृत्विजम्
AI Translation: One should abandon six things, like a boat in the ocean: A teacher who does not speak, a priest who does not study,
अरक्षितारं राजानं भार्यां चाप्रियवादिनीम् ग्रामकामं च गोपालं वनकामं च नापितम्
AI Translation: a king who does not protect, a wife who speaks unpleasantly, a cowherd who desires a village, a barber who desires a forest,
षडेव तु गुणाः पुंसा न हातव्याः कदाचन सत्यं दानमनालस्यमनसूया क्षमा धृतिः
M. N. Dutt: The six qualities should never be renounced by a man viz, truth, charity, the reverse of laziness, benevolence, forgiveness and patience.
Supplementary Passages:
5.33.69 K4 D1-7 T2 ins. after 69: B Dn Ds D8-10, after 72: T1, after 70: *183 षडिमानि विनश्यन्ति मुहूर्तमनवेक्षणात् गावः सेवा कृषिर्भार्या विद्या वृषलसंगतिः षडेते ह्यवमन्यन्ते नित्यं पूर्वोपकारिणम् आचार्यं शिक्षिताः शिष्याः कृतदाराश्च मातरम् नारीं विगतकामास्तु कृतार्थाश्च प्रयोजनम् नावं निस्तीर्णकान्तारा आतुराश्च चिकित्सकम् आरोग्यमानृण्यमविप्रवासः सद्भिर्मनुष्यैः सह संप्रयोगः स्वप्रत्यया वृत्तिरभीतवासः षड्जीवलोकस्य सुखानि राजन् ईर्षुर्घृणी न संतुष्टः क्रोधनो नित्यशङ्कितः परभाग्योपजीवी च षडेते नित्यदुःखिताः K4 D1-7 T cont.: B Dn Ds D8.10 ins. after 69: *184 अर्थागमो नित्यमरोगिता च प्रिया च भार्या प्रियवादिनी च वश्यश्च पुत्रोऽर्थकरी च विद्या षड्जीवलोकस्य सुखानि राजन्
षण्णामात्मनि नित्यानामैश्वर्यं योऽधिगच्छति न स पापैः कुतोऽनर्थैर्युज्यते विजितेन्द्रियः
AI Translation: He who attains the sovereignty of the six eternal ones in the self is not bound by sins, let alone by misfortunes, when the senses are conquered.
षडिमे षट्सु जीवन्ति सप्तमो नोपलभ्यते चोराः प्रमत्ते जीवन्ति व्याधितेषु चिकित्सकाः
AI Translation: These six live in the six, the seventh is not found. Robbers live in the careless, doctors in the sick,
प्रमदाः कामयानेषु यजमानेषु याजकाः राजा विवदमानेषु नित्यं मूर्खेषु पण्डिताः
M. N. Dutt: Immunity from malady, unindebtedness, the reverse of exile, coming in contact with good men, confidence in one's own livelihood and life without fear-these six, constitute the happiness of men, O king.
सप्त दोषाः सदा राज्ञा हातव्या व्यसनोदयाः प्रायशो यैर्विनश्यन्ति कृतमूलाश्च पार्थिवाः
M. N. Dutt: Seven defects which are the sources of calainity should also be avoided by a king since they always accomplish the destruction of even firmly established king.
स्त्रियोऽक्षा मृगया पानं वाक्पारुष्यं च पञ्चमम् महच्च दण्डपारुष्यमर्थदूषणमेव च
M. N. Dutt: (They are) women, dice, game, drink, harshness of speech, these five and the great severity of punishment and abuse of wealth.
अष्टौ पूर्वनिमित्तानि नरस्य विनशिष्यतः ब्राह्मणान्प्रथमं द्वेष्टि ब्राह्मणैश्च विरुध्यते
AI Translation: The eight omens of a man who is about to perish: He first hates Brahmins and quarrels with them.
ब्राह्मणस्वानि चादत्ते ब्राह्मणांश्च जिघांसति रमते निन्दया चैषां प्रशंसां नाभिनन्दति
AI Translation: He steals the property of Brahmins and tries to kill Brahmins. He takes pleasure in criticizing them and does not rejoice in their praise.
नैतान्स्मरति कृत्येषु याचितश्चाभ्यसूयति एतान्दोषान्नरः प्राज्ञो बुद्ध्या बुद्ध्वा विवर्जयेत्
AI Translation: He does not remember them when asked to do something, and he is jealous. The wise man, having understood these faults with his intellect, should avoid them.
Supplementary Passages:
5.33.77 After 77ab, K2 ins.: *185 यस्यैतानि निमित्तानि तस्यासन्नः पराभवः
अष्टाविमानि हर्षस्य नवनीतानि भारत वर्तमानानि दृश्यन्ते तान्येव सुसुखान्यपि
AI Translation: These eight are the joys of the present, O descendant of Bharata, and they are seen to be very pleasant.
समागमश्च सखिभिर्महांश्चैव धनागमः पुत्रेण च परिष्वङ्गः संनिपातश्च मैथुने
AI Translation: Union with friends, great wealth, and embrace by a son, and union in sexual intercourse,
समये च प्रियालापः स्वयूथेषु च संनतिः अभिप्रेतस्य लाभश्च पूजा च जनसंसदि
AI Translation: and being agreeable in speech at the right time, and being well-disposed towards one's own group, and obtaining what is desired, and being honoured in the midst of the people,
नवद्वारमिदं वेश्म त्रिस्थूणं पञ्चसाक्षिकम् क्षेत्रज्ञाधिष्ठितं विद्वान्यो वेद स परः कविः
M. N. Dutt: This house has nine doors, three pillars and five witnesses presided over by the soul. That learned man who knows this is the best of the wise.
दश धर्मं न जानन्ति धृतराष्ट्र निबोध तान् मत्तः प्रमत्त उन्मत्तः श्रान्तः क्रुद्धो बुभुक्षितः
AI Translation: Know these ten things, Dhritarashtra, which they do not know: intoxicated, distracted, insane, tired, angry, hungry,
त्वरमाणश्च भीरुश्च लुब्धः कामी च ते दश तस्मादेतेषु भावेषु न प्रसज्जेत पण्डितः
AI Translation: and the greedy, the lustful. These are the ten. Therefore, the wise one should not indulge in these states.
अत्रैवोदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् पुत्रार्थमसुरेन्द्रेण गीतं चैव सुधन्वना
M. N. Dutt: In this connection people cite the old story that is related about what passed between Sudhanvan and the chief of the Asuras for the sake of his (the latter's) son.
यः काममन्यू प्रजहाति राजा; पात्रे प्रतिष्ठापयते धनं च विशेषविच्छ्रुतवान्क्षिप्रकारी; तं सर्वलोकः कुरुते प्रमाणम्
M. N. Dutt: The king, who shuns desire and spite and distributes wealth among worthy parties, is discriminating, learned, active and is regarded as an authority by all men.
जानाति विश्वासयितुं मनुष्या;न्विज्ञातदोषेषु दधाति दण्डम् जानाति मात्रां च तथा क्षमां च; तं तादृशं श्रीर्जुषते समग्रा
M. N. Dutt: One who knows how to make other people confident on him, who awards punishment after guilt has been established, knows its proper degree and knows also forgiveness it attended with great prosperity.
सुदुर्बलं नावजानाति कंचि;द्युक्तो रिपुं सेवते बुद्धिपूर्वम् न विग्रहं रोचयते बलस्थैः; काले च यो विक्रमते स धीरः
M. N. Dutt: He is a wise man, who does think lightly of the weak (foe), who proceeds with intelligence in respect to a foe waiting for an opportunity, who does not quarrel with the strong and who shows prowess only at the proper time.
प्राप्यापदं न व्यथते कदाचि;दुद्योगमन्विच्छति चाप्रमत्तः दुःखं च काले सहते जितात्मा; धुरंधरस्तस्य जिताः सपत्नाः
M. N. Dutt: That illustrious man, who does not grieve when a calamity is already on him and who (then) experts with his senses about him and who also patiently bears calamities (when they are unavoidable), is a noble-minded one and his opponents are always subdued.
अनर्थकं विप्रवासं गृहेभ्यः; पापैः संधिं परदाराभिमर्शम् दम्भं स्तैन्यं पैशुनं मद्यपानं; न सेवते यः स सुखी सदैव
M. N. Dutt: He who never remains away from home for nothing, who does not mix with wicked people, never outrages another's wife, who is not arrogant, who does not steal, is not ungrateful and does not drink, is always happy.
न संरम्भेणारभतेऽर्थवर्ग;माकारितः शंसति तथ्यमेव न मात्रार्थे रोचयते विवादं; नापूजितः कुप्यति चाप्यमूढः
M. N. Dutt: He who never pursues the three objects (virtue, profit and desire) in a spirit of boastfulness, who when appealed declares the truth, who does not sow discussions even for friends and who through insulted is not angry is the reverse of a fool.
न योऽभ्यसूयत्यनुकम्पते च; न दुर्बलः प्रातिभाव्यं करोति नात्याह किंचित्क्षमते विवादं; सर्वत्र तादृग्लभते प्रशंसाम्
M. N. Dutt: He, who is not malicious towards others and who being weak does not quarrel, who does not speak haughtily and who always forgives quarrels, wins renown.
यो नोद्धतं कुरुते जातु वेषं; न पौरुषेणापि विकत्थतेऽन्यान् न मूर्च्छितः कटुकान्याह किंचि;त्प्रियं सदा तं कुरुते जनोऽपि
M. N. Dutt: One, who is never haughty, who never speaks ill of others, praising himself and who in a moment of self forgetfulness never speaks harshly, is loved by all men.
न वैरमुद्दीपयति प्रशान्तं; न दर्पमारोहति नास्तमेति न दुर्गतोऽस्मीति करोति मन्युं; तमार्यशीलं परमाहुरग्र्यम्
M. N. Dutt: One, who does not revive disputes that have been settled and who behaves not with too much arrogance, nor with excessive humility and who does not do a wrong deed, because he is in distress, is said to be a man, of good behaviour by very good men.
न स्वे सुखे वै कुरुते प्रहर्षं; नान्यस्य दुःखे भवति प्रतीतः दत्त्वा न पश्चात्कुरुतेऽनुतापं; न कत्थते सत्पुरुषार्यशीलः
M. N. Dutt: One, who exults not in his own happiness nor is giad at another's distress and who does not repent after having given away, is said by good men to be of good conduct.
देशाचारान्समयाञ्जातिधर्मा;न्बुभूषते यस्तु परावरज्ञः स तत्र तत्राधिगतः सदैव; महाजनस्याधिपत्यं करोति
M. N. Dutt: He, who desires knowledge of the manners and customs of different countries and of the different languages and of the duties of the different casts, knows everything, high and low; wherever he goes, he attains to lordship over great men.
दम्भं मोहं मत्सरं पापकृत्यं; राजद्विष्टं पैशुनं पूगवैरम् मत्तोन्मत्तैर्दुर्जनैश्चापि वादं; यः प्रज्ञावान्वर्जयेत्स प्रधानः
M. N. Dutt: The wise man who keeps away pride, folly, impertinence, sinful deeds, disloyalty towards his sovereign, roguery enmity with many, speech with the drunk, the insane and the wicked, is a chief among men,
दमं शौचं दैवतं मङ्गलानि; प्रायश्चित्तं विविधाँल्लोकवादान् एतानि यः कुरुते नैत्यकानि; तस्योत्थानं देवता राधयन्ति
M. N. Dutt: Charity, worship of the gods, auspicious ceremonies and the several penances laid down by men-the gods exert themselves for the advancement of him who practices these daily.
समैर्विवाहं कुरुते न हीनैः; समैः सख्यं व्यवहारं कथाश्च गुणैर्विशिष्टांश्च पुरोदधाति; विपश्चितस्तस्य नयाः सुनीताः
M. N. Dutt: One, who forms matrimonial relationship with a man in equal station and not with those who are below him and who forms friendships with his equals and converses and treats with them, who puts those that are graced with accomplishments before him-performs acts after the best policy.
मितं भुङ्क्ते संविभज्याश्रितेभ्यो; मितं स्वपित्यमितं कर्म कृत्वा ददात्यमित्रेष्वपि याचितः सं;स्तमात्मवन्तं प्रजहत्यनर्थाः
M. N. Dutt: One who eats with moderation after doing excessive work, who gives away, (even) to foes when asked, is never beside himself; and evils always avoid him.
चिकीर्षितं विप्रकृतं च यस्य; नान्ये जनाः कर्म जानन्ति किंचित् मन्त्रे गुप्ते सम्यगनुष्ठिते च; स्वल्पो नास्य व्यथते कश्चिदर्थः
M. N. Dutt: He, whose proposed acts and acts put into execution are seldom known to others and whose intentions are kept secret and put into practice suitably, does not fail in his objects even when trifling.
यः सर्वभूतप्रशमे निविष्टः; सत्यो मृदुर्दानकृच्छुद्धभावः अतीव संज्ञायते ज्ञातिमध्ये; महामणिर्जात्य इव प्रसन्नः
M. N. Dutt: He, who is engaged in doing good to all creatures, who is attached to truth, not haughty, of a good mind and not a miser, is known very well among his cousins like a gem of the purest ray obtained from a good mine.
य आत्मनापत्रपते भृशं नरः; स सर्वलोकस्य गुरुर्भवत्युत अनन्ततेजाः सुमनाः समाहितः; स्वतेजसा सूर्य इवावभासते
M. N. Dutt: The man, who is ashamed of his faults unknown to others, is respected by all men, being of illimitable luster, of an excellent mind; and his mind is intent on his inner self and his luster shines like the sun.
वने जाताः शापदग्धस्य राज्ञः; पाण्डोः पुत्राः पञ्च पञ्चेन्द्रकल्पाः त्वयैव बाला वर्धिताः शिक्षिताश्च; तवादेशं पालयन्त्याम्बिकेय
M. N. Dutt: The king Pandu, burning under the influence of a curse, begot in the woods, five sons each equal to Indra; under your supervision did the boys grow up and were instructed and you have been rearing them up to now, O son of Ambika.
प्रदायैषामुचितं तात राज्यं; सुखी पुत्रैः सहितो मोदमानः न देवानां नापि च मानुषाणां; भविष्यसि त्वं तर्कणीयो नरेन्द्र
M. N. Dutt: Giving back to them their rightful kingdom, O Sire, be happy with your sons and pass your time agreeably; O Lord of man, then will you not be mistrusted by the gods, nor by the men.