Critical Edition
धृतराष्ट्र उवाच स्वेन च्छन्देन नः सर्वान्नावधीद्व्यक्तमर्जुनः न ह्यस्य समरे मुच्येतान्तकोऽप्याततायिनः
M. N. Dutt: Dhritarashtra said It is told that Arjuna slaughtered all belonging to your side, according as he wished. Really even if the very Destroyer himself had come to battle, the could not escape Arjuna, when he took up arms against him.
पार्थो ह्येकोऽहरद्भद्रामेकश्चाग्निमतर्पयत् एकश्चेमां महीं जित्वा चक्रे बलिभृतो नृपान्
M. N. Dutt: Thereupon the son of Pritha, unassisted by anybody, ravished Vadra. And again, he, being solitary, gratified Agni. Then he, having subjugated this entire earth, compelled all the monarchs to pay him tribute.
एको निवातकवचानवधीद्दिव्यकार्मुकः एकः किरातरूपेण स्थितं शर्वमयोधयत्
M. N. Dutt: Moreover he, being unassisted, slaughtered the whole force of the Nivatakavachas. And also having taken up his celestial bow and without any help from other hands, he (Arjuna) battled against the God, Mahadeva, who stayed before him in the guise of a hunter.
Supplementary Passages:
8.22.3 For 3ab, S (except T2) subst.: *188 निवातकवचानां च तिस्रः कोटीर्जघान ह
एकोऽभ्यरक्षद्भरतानेको भवमतोषयत् तेनैकेन जिताः सर्वे मदीया उग्रतेजसः ते न निन्द्याः प्रशस्याश्च यत्ते चक्रुर्ब्रवीहि तत्
AI Translation: One protected Bharata, one pleased Bhava. By that one alone, all my fierce-rayed ones were conquered. Those who did that should not be blamed, but praised. Tell me what they did.
Supplementary Passages:
8.22.4 After 4, V1 B D (except D6.8) ins.: *189 ततो दुर्योधनः सूत पश्चात्किमकरोत्तदा
संजय उवाच हतप्रहतविध्वस्ता विवर्मायुधवाहनाः दीनस्वरा दूयमाना मानिनः शत्रुभिर्जिताः
AI Translation: Sanjaya said: Defeated, struck, and destroyed, without armor, weapons, or mounts, With dejected voices, lamenting, and proud, defeated by the enemy,
शिबिरस्थाः पुनर्मन्त्रं मन्त्रयन्ति स्म कौरवाः भग्नदंष्ट्रा हतविषाः पदाक्रान्ता इवोरगाः
AI Translation: The Kauravas, who were in the camp, again began to discuss: "Our tusks are broken, our poison is destroyed, we are trampled like snakes."
तानब्रवीत्ततः कर्णः क्रुद्धः सर्प इव श्वसन् करं करेणाभिपीड्य प्रेक्षमाणस्तवात्मजम्
M. N. Dutt: Thereupon Karna, who was filled with wrath and who sighed heavily like a serpent and who squeezed his hands and who looked at
यत्तो दृढश्च दक्षश्च धृतिमानर्जुनः सदा स बोधयति चाप्येनं प्राप्तकालमधोक्षजः
M. N. Dutt: 'The thing is that Arjuna is always very persevering, skillful and intelligent and again, when the first time (for any thing to be done) comes, the Eternal One (Vasudeva) awakes him to his duties.
सहसास्त्रविसर्गेण वयं तेनाद्य वञ्चिताः श्वस्त्वहं तस्य संकल्पं सर्वं हन्ता महीपते
M. N. Dutt: Today we were all deceived by him (Arjuna) by the shower of weapons poured forth all on a sudden. But tomorrow, O ruler of earth, I will baffle all his attempts.'
एवमुक्तस्तथेत्युक्त्वा सोऽनुजज्ञे नृपोत्तमान् सुखोषितास्ते रजनीं हृष्टा युद्धाय निर्ययुः
AI Translation: Thus addressed, he said, "So be it" and gave permission to the best of kings. Having spent the night happily, they joyfully set out for battle.
Supplementary Passages:
8.22.10 After 10ab, K3 V1 B D S ins.: *190 तेऽनुज्ञाता नृपाः सर्वे स्वानि वेश्मानि भेजिरे
तेऽपश्यन्विहितं व्यूहं धर्मराजेन दुर्जयम् प्रयत्नात्कुरुमुख्येन बृहस्पत्युशनोमतात्
M. N. Dutt: Having passed that night most happily, the (those monarchs), with ample gratification, proceeded out for battle (the following morning). They then saw a very invincible array of army, that was constituted by the King of Justice (Yudhishthira), who was the greatest of the whole Kuru race, with the greatest care and quite in accordance with the advices of both Brihaspati and Ushanas.
अथ प्रतीपकर्तारं सततं विजितात्मनाम् सस्मार वृषभस्कन्धं कर्णं दुर्योधनस्तदा
M. N. Dutt: Thereupon Duryodhana, that smiter of enemies, called to his memory, Karna, who baffled the attempts of the his antagonists and who was the foremost of all heroic warriors and who was the slayer of his foes and who had the neck like that of a bull.
पुरंदरसमं युद्धे मरुद्गणसमं बले कार्तवीर्यसमं वीर्ये कर्णं राज्ञोऽगमन्मनः सूतपुत्रं महेष्वासं बन्धुमात्ययिकेष्विव
M. N. Dutt: The king's (Duryodhana's) mind was now constantly directed towards Karna, who resembled Purandara in battle and who was like the Marutas in prowess and who also was equal to Kartavirya in prowess.
Supplementary Passages:
8.22.13 After 13cd, K3 V1 B D S ins.: *191 सर्वेषां चैव सैन्यानां कर्णमेवागमन्मनः
धृतराष्ट्र उवाच यद्वोऽगमन्मनो मन्दाः कर्णं वैकर्तनं तदा अप्यद्राक्षत तं यूयं शीतार्ता इव भास्करम्
M. N. Dutt: Dhritarashtra said Thus when the minds of all you were turned towards Karna the son of Vikartana, did the warriors on my side look at the son of Radha, even as persons, oppressed with cold, look at the sun?
कृतेऽवहारे सैन्यानां प्रवृत्ते च रणे पुनः कथं वैकर्तनः कर्णस्तत्रायुध्यत संजय कथं च पाण्डवाः सर्वे युयुधुस्तत्र सूतजम्
M. N. Dutt: O Sanjaya, how did Karna, the son of Vikartana, fight there (in the field of battle), when my troops had first re-retreated and again engaged themselves in the battle. And how also did the sons of Pandu fight in the field with the son of Suta?
कर्णो ह्येको महाबाहुर्हन्यात्पार्थान्ससोमकान् कर्णस्य भुजयोर्वीर्यं शक्रविष्णुसमं मतम् तथास्त्राणि सुघोराणि विक्रमश्च महात्मनः
M. N. Dutt: Indeed, Karna that mighty-armed warrior, would have slaughtered all the sons of Pritha along with the whole lot of the Srinjayas, although he was alone. In the field of battle, the strength of the arms of Karna was similar to the prowess of both Shakra and Vishnu; and the weapons, as well as the prowess of that loftyminded warrior were very fierce. Hoping to be under the protection of Karna, Karna, king Duryodhana was most eager for the battle.
Supplementary Passages:
8.22.16 T3 G3 M ins. after 16: T1 G1.2 after 18: *192 मम चैव सदा मन्दः शंसते नित्यमग्रतः कर्णश्च तान्महेष्वासान्पाण्डुपुत्रान्महारथान्
दुर्योधनं तदा दृष्ट्वा पाण्डवेन भृशार्दितम् पराक्रान्तान्पाण्डुसुतान्दृष्ट्वा चापि महाहवे
M. N. Dutt: Then what did that very powerful carwarrior do after seeing Duryodhana very highly oppressed by the son of Pandu and also after witnessing all the sons of Pandu to display their prowess in arms?
कर्णमाश्रित्य संग्रामे दर्पो दुर्योधने पुनः जेतुमुत्सहते पार्थान्सपुत्रान्सहकेशवान्
M. N. Dutt: Relying upon Karna, the foolish prince Duryodhana, again, aspired to defeat the sons, of Pritha along with their sons, as well as Keshava in the field of battle.
अहो बत महद्दुःखं यत्र पाण्डुसुतान्रणे नातरद्रभसः कर्णो दैवं नूनं परायणम् अहो द्यूतस्य निष्ठेयं घोरा संप्रति वर्तते
M. N. Dutt: Alas! this is a matter of great grief that in the field of battle Karna, possessed of immense strength, could not defeat the sons of Pandu! It is certain that Destiny holds the foremost position in all affairs.
अहो दुःखानि तीव्राणि दुर्योधनकृतान्यहम् सहिष्यामि सुघोराणि शल्यभूतानि संजय
AI Translation: Alas, the terrible sufferings that I have brought on myself through Duryodhana! I shall endure the terrible and painful things, O Sanjaya.
सौबलं च तथा तात नीतिमानिति मन्यते
AI Translation: and Saubala, O son, he considers to be wise.
Supplementary Passages:
8.22.21 N ins. after 21: T3 after 194*: *193 कर्णश्च रभसो नित्यं राजानं चाप्यनुव्रतः On the other hand, S ins. after 21 (T2 line 1 only): *194 कर्णं चाप्रतिमं युद्धे देवैरपि दुरुत्सहम् मन्यतेऽभ्यधिकं पार्थाद्दैवं चास्य हृदि स्थितम्
युद्धेषु नाम दिव्येषु वर्तमानेषु संजय अश्रौषं निहतान्पुत्रान्नित्यमेव च निर्जितान्
AI Translation: O Sanjaya, I have heard that in the divine battles that are going on, my sons are being killed and defeated.
न पाण्डवानां समरे कश्चिदस्ति निवारकः स्त्रीमध्यमिव गाहन्ति दैवं हि बलवत्तरम्
AI Translation: There is no one who can stop the Pandavas in battle. They are like women, immersed in fate, which is stronger.
संजय उवाच अतिक्रान्तं हि यत्कार्यं पश्चाच्चिन्तयतीति च तच्चास्य न भवेत्कार्यं चिन्तया च विनश्यति
M. N. Dutt: Sanjaya said O monarch, do you now reflect upon your past actions, that were most righteous (the game at dice and others of the kind). Man afterwards reflects upon all actions that had past away. But that however, one should not do. For, one is destroyed by that sort of reflection.
Supplementary Passages:
8.22.24 After the ref., K4 V1 B (except B3) D (except Dn1 D8) ins.: *195 राजन्पूर्वनिमित्तानि धर्मिष्ठानि विचिन्तय
तदिदं तव कार्यं तु दूरप्राप्तं विजानता न कृतं यत्त्वया पूर्वं प्राप्ताप्राप्तविचारणे
M. N. Dutt: That act of yours has been far from bringing out the desired end. Although you are possessed of knowledge, yet you did not consider before hand the propreity and impropriety of you actions.
उक्तोऽसि बहुधा राजन्मा युध्यस्वेति पाण्डवैः गृह्णीषे न च तन्मोहात्पाण्डवेषु विशां पते
M. N. Dutt: O monarch, it was several times told to you, that you should not fight with the, Pandavas. But, O ruler of earth, that advice you did not accept out of foolishness.
त्वया पापानि घोराणि समाचीर्णानि पाण्डुषु त्वत्कृते वर्तते घोरः पार्थिवानां जनक्षयः
M. N. Dutt: The most horrible deeds of sin had been perpetrated by you in respect to the Pandavas. And only for those acts of yours that this terrible destruction of kings takes place now.
तत्त्विदानीमतिक्रम्य मा शुचो भरतर्षभ शृणु सर्वं यथावृत्तं घोरं वैशसमच्युत
M. N. Dutt: O foremost of the Bharata race all has now passed away, do not grieve for them. O you of evenlasting fame, do you now hear of all that had taken place, namely the details of that awful slaughter.
प्रभातायां रजन्यां तु कर्णो राजानमभ्ययात् समेत्य च महाबाहुर्दुर्योधनमभाषत
M. N. Dutt: Thus when the night dawned, Karna went of the king. And having approached him that hero of very powerful arms then addressed Duryodhana.
अद्य राजन्समेष्यामि पाण्डवेन यशस्विना हनिष्यामि च तं वीरं स वा मां निहनिष्यति
M. N. Dutt: Karna said Today, O monarch, I will go forth for battle with the famous son of Pandu. Either I shall slay that hero or he will slay me.
बहुत्वान्मम कार्याणां तथा पार्थस्य पार्थिव नाभूत्समागमो राजन्मम चैवार्जुनस्य च
M. N. Dutt: O descendant of the Bharata race, O monarch, on account of the innumerable acts of both myself as well as of the son, O Pritha, that this encounter between me and Arjuna had taken place; else this would not have occurred.
इदं तु मे यथाप्रज्ञं शृणु वाक्यं विशां पते अनिहत्य रणे पार्थं नाहमेष्यामि भारत
M. N. Dutt: O ruler of earth, do you listen to my speech, uttered in accordance with my wisdom. O descendant of the Bharata race, if I cannot slay the son of Pritha in battle, I will not return from the field.
हतप्रवीरे सैन्येऽस्मिन्मयि चैव स्थिते युधि अभियास्यति मां पार्थः शक्रशक्त्या विनाकृतम्
M. N. Dutt: For the reason of this army on over said having had the best of its warriors all slaughtered, that I will myself stand in the field-the son of Pritha will proceed against me, who am deprived of the Sakti-arrow given to me by Shakra (Indra).
ततः श्रेयस्करं यत्ते तन्निबोध जनेश्वर आयुधानां च यद्वीर्यं द्रव्याणामर्जुनस्य च
M. N. Dutt: O lord of men, then be you conscious of what proves beneficial to you. The strength of my celestial weapons is similar to the strength of Arjuna's weapons.
कायस्य महतो भेदे लाघवे दूरपातने सौष्ठवे चास्त्रयोगे च सव्यसाची न मत्समः
M. N. Dutt: As regards the baffling of attempts of the most powerful antagonists and as to the highness of arms and the range of arrows shot and in respect to skillfulness, as also in the management of weapons, Suvyasachin is never my peer.
Supplementary Passages:
8.22.35 After 35, K4 V1 B (except B3) D S ins.: *196 प्राणे शौर्ये च विज्ञाने विक्रमे चापि भारत निमित्तज्ञानयोगे च सव्यसाची न मत्समः
सर्वायुधमहामात्रं विजयं नाम तद्धनुः इन्द्रार्थमभिकामेन निर्मितं विश्वकर्मणा
M. N. Dutt: My bow, that was known by the name of Vijaya, was the most supreme of all weapons. It was made by Vishvakarman with the object of performing what was agreeable to Indra.
येन दैत्यगणान्राजञ्जितवान्वै शतक्रतुः यस्य घोषेण दैत्यानां विमुह्यन्ति दिशो दश तद्भार्गवाय प्रायच्छच्छक्रः परमसंमतम्
M. N. Dutt: O monarch, Shatakratu (Indra), indeed, subdued all the Daityas by means of that bow and again, at the twang of that bow, the whole body of the Dailyas supposed the ten points of the compass to be empty.
तद्दिव्यं भार्गवो मह्यमददाद्धनुरुत्तमम् येन योत्स्ये महाबाहुमर्जुनं जयतां वरम् यथेन्द्रः समरे सर्वान्दैतेयान्वै समागतान्
M. N. Dutt: I will battle with that foremost one amongst the victorious warriors, the mighty-armed Arjuna, in the field; even as Indra fought with all the Daityas, who had assembled against him.
Supplementary Passages:
8.22.38 After 38, S ins.: *197 निजघान तथा सर्वाञ्जेष्यामि युधि पाण्डवान्
धनुर्घोरं रामदत्तं गाण्डीवात्तद्विशिष्यते त्रिःसप्तकृत्वः पृथिवी धनुषा तेन निर्जिता
M. N. Dutt: That fierce bow, given away by Rama, is in every way superior to the Gandiva bow; with that bow the entire earth was conquered twenty-one times (by Bhargava).
धनुषो यस्य कर्माणि दिव्यानि प्राह भार्गवः तद्रामो ह्यददान्मह्यं येन योत्स्यामि पाण्डवम्
M. N. Dutt: The son of Bhrigu speaks of the celestial deeds of that formidable bow. As Rama has given it to me I will surely fight with the son of Pandu with that bow.
अद्य दुर्योधनाहं त्वां नन्दयिष्ये सबान्धवम् निहत्य समरे वीरमर्जुनं जयतां वरम्
M. N. Dutt: Today, O Duryodhana, I will gratify your heart, along with that of your friends by slaughter in the field of battle the heroic Arjuna that foremost one amongst the victorious warriors.
सपर्वतवनद्वीपा हतद्विड्भूः ससागरा पुत्रपौत्रप्रतिष्ठा ते भविष्यत्यद्य पार्थिव
M. N. Dutt: O lord of earth, the whole kingdom of earth, along with the oceans, the mountains, the forests and the islands, with all her heroes slaughtered, will be your own; and over which you will be established with your sons and grandsons.
नासाध्यं विद्यते मेऽद्य त्वत्प्रियार्थं विशेषतः सम्यग्धर्मानुरक्तस्य सिद्धिरात्मवतो यथा
M. N. Dutt: There exists nothing that I cannot perform today, especially for gratifying you; even as success (ascetic) does surely exist in respect to a person, who is passionately attached to virtue and who also has controlled his soul.
न हि मां समरे सोढुं स शक्तोऽग्निं तरुर्यथा अवश्यं तु मया वाच्यं येन हीनोऽस्मि फल्गुनात्
M. N. Dutt: There is no one, who, coming in contact with me, is able to bear me in the battle; even as the tree, coming in contact with the fire, is able to bear it. Indeed this must be told by me that is what respect with the fire, is able to bear it. Indeed this must be told by me that in what respect I am inferior to Phalguna (Arjuna).
ज्या तस्य धनुषो दिव्या तथाक्षय्यौ महेषुधी तस्य दिव्यं धनुः श्रेष्ठं गाण्डीवमजरं युधि
AI Translation: The divine bow of that great archer, and the inexhaustible arrows, That best divine bow of his, Gandiva, is ageless in battle,
Supplementary Passages:
8.22.45 After 45ab, K4 V1 B D (except Dn1 D8) ins.: *198 सारथिस्तस्य गोविन्दो मम तादृङ्न विद्यते
विजयं च महद्दिव्यं ममापि धनुरुत्तमम् तत्राहमधिकः पार्थाद्धनुषा तेन पार्थिव
AI Translation: And my own great and divine bow Vijaya is the best of bows. O king, I am superior to Partha in that bow.
मया चाभ्यधिको वीरः पाण्डवस्तन्निबोध मे रश्मिग्राहश्च दाशार्हः सर्वलोकनमस्कृतः
AI Translation: And I am greater than he, O hero, Pandava. Know me. And the Dasharha who holds the reins, honored by all the worlds,
अग्निदत्तश्च वै दिव्यो रथः काञ्चनभूषणः अच्छेद्यः सर्वतो वीर वाजिनश्च मनोजवाः ध्वजश्च दिव्यो द्युतिमान्वानरो विस्मयंकरः
M. N. Dutt: That hero is impenetrable in all his parts. His horses are possessed of the speed of the mind. His standard is also celestial, the most resplendent, bearing an Ape exciting the greatest wonder.
कृष्णश्च स्रष्टा जगतो रथं तमभिरक्षति एभिर्द्रव्यैरहं हीनो योद्धुमिच्छामि पाण्डवम्
M. N. Dutt: Moreover Krishna, who is the creator of the universe, most carefully guards that car. I am destitute of all these equipments, yet I wish to fight with the son of Pandu.
अयं तु सदृशो वीरः शल्यः समितिशोभनः सारथ्यं यदि मे कुर्याद्ध्रुवस्ते विजयो भवेत्
M. N. Dutt: Indeed, this Shalya, who is the creator of the assemblies, resembles Shauri. Should be perform the duties of my charioteer, the victory will surely by yours.
तस्य मे सारथिः शल्यो भवत्वसुकरः परैः नाराचान्गार्ध्रपत्रांश्च शकटानि वहन्तु मे
M. N. Dutt: Let Shalya, therefore, who is irresistible by the antagonists, act as my charioteer. And let the carts also convey my long shafts, as well as the arrows furnished with the feathers of vultures.
रथाश्च मुख्या राजेन्द्र युक्ता वाजिभिरुत्तमैः आयान्तु पश्चात्सततं मामेव भरतर्षभ
M. N. Dutt: Let, O lord of kings, the best of horses by yoked to my excellent cars; and let them, O foremost of the Bharata race, follow me without exhaustion.
एवमभ्यधिकः पार्थाद्भविष्यामि गुणैरहम् शल्यो ह्यभ्यधिकः कृष्णादर्जुनादधिको ह्यहम्
M. N. Dutt: Thus I will be superior to the son of Pritha in respect to these (the above mentioned) qualities. And thus, again, A Shalya is superior to Krishna; and I am superior to Arjuna.
यथाश्वहृदयं वेद दाशार्हः परवीरहा तथा शल्योऽपि जानीते हयानां वै महारथः
M. N. Dutt: Even as that one, of the Dasharha race, who is the slayer of the hostile neroes, is thoroughly versed in knowledge about horses, so Shalya, that most powerful car-warriors, is also acquainted with the science of horses.
बाहुवीर्ये समो नास्ति मद्रराजस्य कश्चन तथास्त्रैर्मत्समो नास्ति कश्चिदेव धनुर्धरः
M. N. Dutt: In respect of the strength of arms there exist none who is equal to the prince of Madras.
तथा शल्यसमो नास्ति हययाने ह कश्चन सोऽयमभ्यधिकः पार्थाद्भविष्यति रथो मम
M. N. Dutt: Even as there exists not a single bowman, who is peer in respect to the management of arms, so there is no one, who resembles Shalya as to the knowledge of horses.
Supplementary Passages:
8.22.56 T2.3 G M ins. after 56ab: T1 after 54: *199 वीर्यतः सारतश्चैव योगतः कर्मतोऽर्थतः Ś K B2.3.5 D8 ins. after 56: V1 B4 Da1 Dn1 D1-3.5.7 after 201*: D6 after 57: *200 समुद्यातुं न शक्ष्यन्ति देवा अपि सवासवाः On the other hand, V1 B4 Da1 Dn1 D1-3.5.7 ins. after 56: K4 after 56ab: B1 after 57ab: B2.5 after 200*: *201 एवं कृते रथस्थोऽहं गुणैरभ्यधिकोऽर्जुनात् भवे युधि जयेयं च फाल्गुनं कुरुसत्तम On the other hand, S ins. after 56 (cf. line 2 of 201*): *202 विजयेयमहं संख्ये फल्गुनं कुरुनन्दन
एतत्कृतं महाराज त्वयेच्छामि परंतप एवं कृते कृतं मह्यं सर्वकामैर्भविष्यति
AI Translation: O great king, O scorcher of enemies, I desire that this be done by you. When this is done, all my desires will be fulfilled.
Supplementary Passages:
8.22.57 After 57ab, K4 V1 B2.4.5 D (except Dn1 D8) S ins.: *203 क्रियतामेष कामो मे मा वः कालोऽत्यगादयम्
ततो द्रष्टासि समरे यत्करिष्यामि भारत सर्वथा पाण्डवान्सर्वाञ्जेष्याम्यद्य समागतान्
M. N. Dutt: Having performed all this, there will be enough help to me on all desirable points. Thereupon, O descendant of the Bharata race, you will witness whatever I will achieve in the field of battle. By all means I will subdue all the assembled Pandavas in the field of battle.
Supplementary Passages:
8.22.58 After 58, K4 V1 D (except Dn1 D2.8) S ins.: *204 न हि मे समरे शक्ताः समुद्यातुं सुरासुराः किमु पाण्डुसुता राजन्रणे मानुषयोनयः संजय उवाच एवमुक्तस्तव सुतः कर्णेनाहवशोभिना संपूज्य संप्रहृष्टात्मा ततो राधेयमब्रवीत्
दुर्योधन उवाच सर्वमेतत्करिष्यामि यथा त्वं कर्ण मन्यसे सोपासङ्गा रथाः साश्वा अनुयास्यन्ति सूतज
M. N. Dutt: Duryodhana said I will perform all this, that you, O Karna, desire. Numerous cars, furnished with the excellent quivers and yoked to the foremost of horses, will follow you in the field of battle.
नाराचान्गार्ध्रपक्षांश्च शकटानि वहन्तु ते अनुयास्याम कर्ण त्वां वयं सर्वे च पार्थिवाः
M. N. Dutt: And let the long shafts and the arrows furnished with the wings of vultures, be conveyed to you in innumerable carts; and O Karna, all of us, namely the princes, wi follow you into the field.
संजय उवाच एवमुक्त्वा महाराज तव पुत्राः प्रतापवान् अभिगम्याब्रवीद्राजा मद्रराजमिदं वचः
M. N. Dutt: Sanjaya said O mighty monarch, your son, who is possessed of immense prowess, after having thus addressed and also having advanced before the prince of Madras, spoke these words to that chief, O monarch.