Critical Edition
वैशंपायन उवाच द्वैपायनवचः श्रुत्वा कुपिते च धनंजये व्यासमामन्त्र्य कौन्तेयः प्रत्युवाच युधिष्ठिरः
AI Translation: Vaishampāyana said: Having heard Dvaipāyana's words and Dhananjaya being angry, Kounteya Yudhishthira addressed Vyasa and replied
न पार्थिवमिदं राज्यं न च भोगाः पृथग्विधाः प्रीणयन्ति मनो मेऽद्य शोको मां नर्दयत्ययम्
AI Translation: This kingdom of mine, nor the various enjoyments, do not please my mind today; this grief is tormenting me.
श्रुत्वा च वीरहीनानामपुत्राणां च योषिताम् परिदेवयमानानां शान्तिं नोपलभे मुने
AI Translation: And having heard the lamentations of women who are without heroes and without sons, I do not find peace, O Sage.
इत्युक्तः प्रत्युवाचेदं व्यासो योगविदां वरः युधिष्ठिरं महाप्राज्ञं धर्मज्ञो वेदपारगः
AI Translation: Thus addressed, Vyasa, the best of those who know yoga, replied to Yudhishthira, the very wise one, who knew Dharma and had mastered the Vedas.
न कर्मणा लभ्यते चिन्तया वा; नाप्यस्य दाता पुरुषस्य कश्चित् पर्याययोगाद्विहितं विधात्रा; कालेन सर्वं लभते मनुष्यः
AI Translation: It is not to be attained by action or by thought; nor is there any giver of it to a man. By the union of circumstances, it is prescribed by the Creator; in due time
न बुद्धिशास्त्राध्ययनेन शक्यं; प्राप्तुं विशेषैर्मनुजैरकाले मूर्खोऽपि प्राप्नोति कदाचिदर्था;न्कालो हि कार्यं प्रति निर्विशेषः
AI Translation: It cannot be attained by the study of the scriptures of the intellect; by men of special qualities at the wrong time. Even a fool sometimes attains his goal; for time makes no distinction between one
नाभूतिकाले च फलं ददाति; शिल्पं न मन्त्राश्च तथौषधानि तान्येव कालेन समाहितानि; सिध्यन्ति चेध्यन्ति च भूतिकाले
AI Translation: And in the time of dissolution it does not give fruit; art, spells, and medicines are not successful in that time. But when the time is right, they are successful or unsuccessful.
कालेन शीघ्राः प्रविवान्ति वाताः; कालेन वृष्टिर्जलदानुपैति कालेन पद्मोत्पलवज्जलं च; कालेन पुष्यन्ति नगा वनेषु
AI Translation: The winds blow at the proper time, the clouds rain at the proper time, the water in the lakes becomes covered with lotuses and lilies at the proper time, and the trees in the forests
कालेन कृष्णाश्च सिताश्च रात्र्यः; कालेन चन्द्रः परिपूर्णबिम्बः नाकालतः पुष्पफलं नगानां; नाकालवेगाः सरितो वहन्ति
AI Translation: The nights are dark and bright by turns; the moon is full and then wanes. The trees do not bear flowers and fruits out of season; the rivers do not flow with unusual speed.
नाकालमत्ताः खगपन्नगाश्च; मृगद्विपाः शैलमहाग्रहाश्च नाकालतः स्त्रीषु भवन्ति गर्भा; नायान्त्यकाले शिशिरोष्णवर्षाः
AI Translation: Birds, snakes, and animals, and the great mountains, do not become intoxicated at the wrong time. Children are not born to women at the wrong time, and the cold, heat, and
नाकालतो म्रियते जायते वा; नाकालतो व्याहरते च बालः नाकालतो यौवनमभ्युपैति; नाकालतो रोहति बीजमुप्तम्
AI Translation: A child does not die, is not born, does not speak at the wrong time; Youth does not come at the wrong time, a seed does not grow at the wrong time.
नाकालतो भानुरुपैति योगं; नाकालतोऽस्तं गिरिमभ्युपैति नाकालतो वर्धते हीयते च; चन्द्रः समुद्रश्च महोर्मिमाली
AI Translation: The sun does not rise or set at the wrong time, nor does the moon wax or wane at the wrong time, nor does the ocean with its great waves rise or fall at the wrong time
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् गीतं राज्ञा सेनजिता दुःखार्तेन युधिष्ठिर
M. N. Dutt: Vyasa said 'Regarding this subject is cited the old story, O foremost of men, that is known by the name of Ashma's discourse, Listen to it, O Yudhishthira.
सर्वानेवैष पर्यायो मर्त्यान्स्पृशति दुस्तरः कालेन परिपक्वा हि म्रियन्ते सर्वमानवाः
AI Translation: This is the inevitable course of all mortals. All men die when their time is up.
घ्नन्ति चान्यान्नरा राजंस्तानप्यन्ये नरास्तथा संज्ञैषा लौकिकी राजन्न हिनस्ति न हन्यते
AI Translation: Kings kill other men, and other men kill those kings. This is the worldly convention, O king. One does not kill, nor is one killed.
हन्तीति मन्यते कश्चिन्न हन्तीत्यपि चापरे स्वभावतस्तु नियतौ भूतानां प्रभवाप्ययौ
AI Translation: Some think that the killer kills, others that he does not kill. But the rise and fall of beings is determined by their own nature.
नष्टे धने वा दारे वा पुत्रे पितरि वा मृते अहो कष्टमिति ध्यायञ्शोकस्यापचितिं चरेत्
AI Translation: When wealth, wife, son, or father is lost, or when one dies, One should reflect, "Alas, what a calamity!" and practice the removal of grief.
स किं शोचसि मूढः सञ्शोच्यः किमनुशोचसि पश्य दुःखेषु दुःखानि भयेषु च भयान्यपि
AI Translation: What is it that you grieve for, O fool? What is it that you grieve for, that is to be grieved for? See the sorrows in sorrows, and the terrors in terrors,
आत्मापि चायं न मम सर्वापि पृथिवी मम यथा मम तथान्येषामिति पश्यन्न मुह्यति
AI Translation: And this self is not mine, nor is the whole earth mine. Seeing that it is as mine, so it is for others, he does not become deluded.
शोकस्थानसहस्राणि हर्षस्थानशतानि च दिवसे दिवसे मूढमाविशन्ति न पण्डितम्
AI Translation: Thousands of places of sorrow, hundreds of places of joy, Enter the fool, not the wise, day after day.
एवमेतानि कालेन प्रियद्वेष्याणि भागशः जीवेषु परिवर्तन्ते दुःखानि च सुखानि च
AI Translation: Thus, these dear and hateful things, in parts, change with time in living beings, as do the sorrows and pleasures.
दुःखमेवास्ति न सुखं तस्मात्तदुपलभ्यते तृष्णार्तिप्रभवं दुःखं दुःखार्तिप्रभवं सुखम्
AI Translation: There is only suffering, not happiness, therefore it is perceived. Suffering arises from the affliction of thirst, happiness arises from the affliction of suffering.
सुखस्यानन्तरं दुःखं दुःखस्यानन्तरं सुखम् न नित्यं लभते दुःखं न नित्यं लभते सुखम्
AI Translation: After happiness comes sorrow, after sorrow comes happiness. One does not always get happiness, one does not always get sorrow.
सुखमन्ते हि दुःखानां दुःखमन्ते सुखस्य च तस्मादेतद्द्वयं जह्याद्य इच्छेच्छाश्वतं सुखम्
AI Translation: For the end of happiness is misery, and the end of misery is happiness. Therefore, he who desires eternal happiness should abandon this pair.
Supplementary Passages:
12.26.24 For 24ab, K3.5 V1 B Da1 Dn D2.3.5.6-8 S subst.: *33 सुखमेव हि दुःखान्तं कदाचिद्दुःखतः सुखम् B2 Da1 ins. after 24: Da2 after 23ab (cf. 22cd): *34 सुखान्तप्रभवं दुःखं दुःखान्तप्रभवं सुखम्
यन्निमित्तं भवेच्छोकस्तापो वा दुःखमूर्छितः आयासो वापि यन्मूलस्तदेकाङ्गमपि त्यजेत्
AI Translation: That which is the cause of grief, or of torment, or of stupefaction with sorrow, or which is the root of weariness, one should abandon even a single limb of it.
सुखं वा यदि वा दुःखं प्रियं वा यदि वाप्रियम् प्राप्तं प्राप्तमुपासीत हृदयेनापराजितः
AI Translation: Whether it is happiness or sorrow, whether it is pleasant or unpleasant, One should accept what has come to pass, with an unvanquished heart.
ईषदप्यङ्ग दाराणां पुत्राणां वा चराप्रियम् ततो ज्ञास्यसि कः कस्य केन वा कथमेव वा
AI Translation: If you do not love your wife and children even a little, then you will know who is whose, and how and why.
ये च मूढतमा लोके ये च बुद्धेः परं गताः त एव सुखमेधन्ते मध्यः क्लेशेन युज्यते
AI Translation: Those who are the most foolish in the world, and those who have gone beyond the Buddha, they alone attain happiness, the middle one is afflicted with affliction.
इत्यब्रवीन्महाप्राज्ञो युधिष्ठिर स सेनजित् परावरज्ञो लोकस्य धर्मवित्सुखदुःखवित्
AI Translation: Thus spoke the highly wise Yudhishthira, the conqueror of armies, the knower of the past and future, the knower of Dharma, the knower of happiness and sorrow.
सुखी परस्य यो दुःखे न जातु स सुखी भवेत् दुःखानां हि क्षयो नास्ति जायते ह्यपरात्परम्
AI Translation: He who is happy in the misery of another will never be happy. For misery is not destroyed; it is only changed into another.
सुखं च दुःखं च भवाभवौ च; लाभालाभौ मरणं जीवितं च पर्यायशः सर्वमिह स्पृशन्ति; तस्माद्धीरो नैव हृष्येन्न कुप्येत्
AI Translation: Happiness and unhappiness, existence and non-existence, gain and loss, death and life, all these are but different names for the same thing. Therefore the wise man should not be elated or depressed
दीक्षां यज्ञे पालनं युद्धमाहु;र्योगं राष्ट्रे दण्डनीत्या च सम्यक् वित्तत्यागं दक्षिणानां च यज्ञे; सम्यग्ज्ञानं पावनानीति विद्यात्
AI Translation: Initiation, protection in sacrifice, war, they call Yoga, in the kingdom, by the policy of punishment. The giving of wealth, the sacrificial gifts, in sacrifice, right knowledge, they know
रक्षन्राष्ट्रं बुद्धिपूर्वं नयेन; संत्यक्तात्मा यज्ञशीलो महात्मा सर्वाँल्लोकान्धर्ममूर्त्या चरंश्चा;प्यूर्ध्वं देहान्मोदते देवलोके
AI Translation: He protects the kingdom with wisdom and policy; he is self-controlled, devoted to sacrifice, and great-souled. He moves through all the worlds in the form of Dharma; after death
जित्वा संग्रामान्पालयित्वा च राष्ट्रं; सोमं पीत्वा वर्धयित्वा प्रजाश्च युक्त्या दण्डं धारयित्वा प्रजानां; युद्धे क्षीणो मोदते देवलोके
AI Translation: Having won battles and protected the kingdom, having drunk Soma and increased the subjects, Having upheld the rod of punishment with wisdom for the subjects, he rejoices in the world of the gods when exhausted
Supplementary Passages:
12.26.34 S (except T2) ins. after 34: D7, after 33: *35 यजन्ति यज्ञान्विजयन्ति राज्यं रक्षन्ति राष्ट्राणि प्रियाणि चैषाम्
सम्यग्वेदान्प्राप्य शास्त्राण्यधीत्य; सम्यग्राष्ट्रं पालयित्वा च राजा चातुर्वर्ण्यं स्थापयित्वा स्वधर्मे; पूतात्मा वै मोदते देवलोके
AI Translation: Having obtained the Vedas properly, having studied the scriptures, having properly protected the kingdom, the king Having established the four castes in their own duties, with a purified soul, he rejoices in the
यस्य वृत्तं नमस्यन्ति स्वर्गस्थस्यापि मानवाः पौरजानपदामात्याः स राजा राजसत्तमः
AI Translation: The king who is bowed to by the people, even those in heaven, and by the citizens, subjects, and ministers, is the best of kings.