Critical Edition
युधिष्ठिर उवाच असौम्याः सौम्यरूपेण सौम्याश्चासौम्यदर्शिनः ईदृशान्पुरुषांस्तात कथं विद्यामहे वयम्
M. N. Dutt: Yudhishthira said Many persons here, who do not in reality, possess of tranquil souls, appear external as men of tranquil souls. There are again others, who are really of tranquil souls but that appear otherwise. How, O sire, shall we succeed in knowing these people.
भीष्म उवाच अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् व्याघ्रगोमायुसंवादं तं निबोध युधिष्ठिर
M. N. Dutt: Regarding it is recited the old story of the discourse between a tiger and a jackal. Listen to it, О Yudhishthira.
पुरिकायां पुरि पुरा श्रीमत्यां पौरिको नृपः परहिंसारुचिः क्रूरो बभूव पुरुषाधमः
M. N. Dutt: In days of yore, in a wealthy city called Paurika, there was a king named Paurika. That worst of beings was highly truthless and took pleasure in injuring others.
स त्वायुषि परिक्षीणे जगामानीप्सितां गतिम् गोमायुत्वं च संप्राप्तो दूषितः पूर्वकर्मणा
M. N. Dutt: When the lease of his life ran out he obtained an undesirable end. In fact, sullied by the evil deeds of his human life, he was born again as a jackal.
संस्मृत्य पूर्वजातिं स निर्वेदं परमं गतः न भक्षयति मांसानि परैरुपहृतान्यपि
M. N. Dutt: Remembering his pristine prosperity, he was filled with grief and abstained from meat even when brought before him by others,
अहिंस्रः सर्वभूतेषु सत्यवाक्सुदृढव्रतः चकार च यथाकाममाहारं पतितैः फलैः
M. N. Dutt: And he felt mercy for all creatures, and was truthful in speech, and firm in the observance of austere vows. At the appointed hour he took food which consisted of fruit which had dropped from the trees.
Supplementary Passages:
12.112.6 After 6, S (G3 missing) ins.: *260 पर्णाहारः कदाचिच्च नियमव्रतवानपि कदाचिदुदकेनापि वर्तयन्ननुयन्त्रितः
श्मशाने तस्य चावासो गोमायोः संमतोऽभवत् जन्मभूम्यनुरोधाच्च नान्यद्वासमरोचयत्
M. N. Dutt: That jackal lived in a vast crematorium and liked to live there. And as it was his birth place, he never desired to change it for a better one.
तस्य शौचममृष्यन्तः सर्वे ते सहजातयः चालयन्ति स्म तां बुद्धिं वचनैः प्रश्रयोत्तरैः
M. N. Dutt: Unable to bear the purity of his conduct, the other jackals tries to make him change his resolution by addressing him in the following humble words
वसन्पितृवने रौद्रे शौचं लप्सितुमिच्छसि इयं विप्रतिपत्तिस्ते यदा त्वं पिशिताशनः
M. N. Dutt: Through living in this dreadful crematorium, you desire yet to live such a pure life. Is not this owing to your perverse understanding, since you are by nature an eater of carrion?
तत्समो वा भवास्माभिर्भक्ष्यान्दास्यामहे वयम् भुङ्क्ष्व शौचं परित्यज्य यद्धि भुक्तं तदस्ति ते
M. N. Dutt: Be you like us! All of us will give you food, Eat that which ought always to be your food, leaving of such purity of conduct!
इति तेषां वचः श्रुत्वा प्रत्युवाच समाहितः मधुरैः प्रश्रितैर्वाक्यैर्हेतुमद्भिरनिष्ठुरैः
M. N. Dutt: Hearing these words of theirs the jackal replied to them, with rapt attention, in these sweet and reasonable words, inculcating harmlessness to all-
अप्रमाणं प्रसूतिर्मे शीलतः क्रियते कुलम् प्रार्थयिष्ये तु तत्कर्म येन विस्तीर्यते यशः
M. N. Dutt: My birth has been low. It is conduct, however, which determines the birth. I wish to act in such a way that my fame may spread.
श्मशाने यदि वासो मे समाधिर्मे निशाम्यताम् आत्मा फलति कर्माणि नाश्रमो धर्मलक्षणम्
M. N. Dutt: Although I live in this crematorium, yet listen to my vows regarding my conduct. One's own self is the root of one's acts. The mode of life which one may adopt is not the root of one's religious acts.
आश्रमे यो द्विजं हन्याद्गां वा दद्यादनाश्रमे किं नु तत्पातकं न स्यात्तद्वा दत्तं वृथा भवेत्
M. N. Dutt: If one, while following a particular mode of life, kills a Brahmana, will not the sin of Brahmanicide assail him? If, on the other hand, one gives away a cow, while not even following any particular mode of life, will that pious gift yields on merit?
भवन्तः सर्वलोभेन केवलं भक्षणे रताः अनुबन्धे तु ये दोषास्तान्न पश्यन्ति मोहिताः
M. N. Dutt: Actuated by the desire of getting what is agreeable, you are only busy with filling your stomachs. Overcome by folly, you are blind to the three faults which are in the end.
अप्रत्ययकृतां गर्ह्यामर्थापनयदूषिताम् इह चामुत्र चानिष्टां तस्माद्वृत्तिं न रोचये
M. N. Dutt: I do not like to follow the life which you lead, which yields evil both in this world and in the next, and which is characterised by loss of virtue brought about by discontentment and temptation!
तं शुचिं पण्डितं मत्वा शार्दूलः ख्यातविक्रमः कृत्वात्मसदृशां पूजां साचिव्येऽवर्धयत्स्वयम्
M. N. Dutt: A tiger, well known for prowess, happened to overhear this conversation, and accordingly, taking the jackal for a learned person of pure conduct, offered him such respectful worship as became his own self and then expressed a desire for appointing him his minister.
सौम्य विज्ञातरूपस्त्वं गच्छ यात्रां मया सह व्रियन्तामीप्सिता भोगाः परिहार्याश्च पुष्कलाः
M. N. Dutt: The tiger said O righteous person, I know what you are! Do your look after the duties of government with myself! Do you look after the duties of government with myself! Enjoy whatever articles you may wish to have, leaving off whatever you may not have a liking for.
तीक्ष्णा वयमिति ख्याता भवतो ज्ञापयामहे मृदुपूर्वं घातिनस्ते श्रेयश्चाधिगमिष्यति
M. N. Dutt: As regards ourselves, we are known to be of a fierce nature. We inforın you beforehand of this. If you act with mildness, you will be benefited and reap advantages for yourself.
अथ संपूज्य तद्वाक्यं मृगेन्द्रस्य महात्मनः गोमायुः प्रश्रितं वाक्यं बभाषे किंचिदानतः
M. N. Dutt: Honouring these words of that great lord of all animals, jackal, bending low his head a little, said these humble words.
सदृशं मृगराजैतत्तव वाक्यं मदन्तरे यत्सहायान्मृगयसे धर्मार्थकुशलाञ्शुचीन्
M. N. Dutt: The jackal said O king of beasts, these words of yours about myself are such as become you. It is also becoming of you that you should cock for ministers of pure conduct and who conversant with duties and worldly affairs,
न शक्यमनमात्येन महत्त्वमनुशासितुम् दुष्टामात्येन वा वीर शरीरपरिपन्थिना
AI Translation: It is not possible for a minister to teach greatness, or for a wicked minister who is an enemy of the body.
सहायाननुरक्तांस्तु यतेतानुपसंहितान् परस्परमसंघुष्टान्विजिगीषूनलोलुपान्
AI Translation: Those who are not attached to their companions, who are not united, who are not in harmony with each other, who are not greedy, who are not desirous of victory,
तानतीतोपधान्प्राज्ञान्हिते युक्तान्मनस्विनः पूजयेथा महाभागान्यथाचार्यान्यथा पितॄन्
AI Translation: You should honor the wise who have transcended the fetters, who are devoted to the good, who are intelligent, and who are greatly fortunate, just as you would honor teachers and ancestors.
न त्वेवं मम संतोषाद्रोचतेऽन्यन्मृगाधिप न कामये सुखान्भोगानैश्वर्यं वा त्वदाश्रयम्
M. N. Dutt: But, o king of beasts, as I am perfectly contented with my present situation, I do not like to change it for anything else. I do not hanker after luxuries or the happiness that originates from them.
न योक्ष्यति हि मे शीलं तव भृत्यैः पुरातनैः ते त्वां विभेदयिष्यन्ति दुःखशीला मदन्तरे
M. N. Dutt: My conduct, again, my not be like that your old servants. If they be of wicked conduct, they will create disunion between you and me.
संश्रयः श्लाघनीयस्त्वमन्येषामपि भास्वताम् कृतात्मा सुमहाभागः पापकेष्वप्यदारुणः
AI Translation: You are a refuge worthy of praise even for others who shine. You are a self-controlled one, of great fortune, and not cruel even towards the wicked.
दीर्घदर्शी महोत्साहः स्थूललक्ष्यो महाबलः कृती चामोघकर्तासि भाव्यैश्च समलंकृतः
AI Translation: Long-sighted, of great enthusiasm, of great aim, of great strength, Accomplished and of unfailing action, adorned with the future.
किं तु स्वेनास्मि संतुष्टो दुःखा वृत्तिरनुष्ठिता सेवायाश्चापि नाभिज्ञः स्वच्छन्देन वनेचरः
M. N. Dutt: I am never satisfied with a little. I have never served another. I am, future more, unskilled in serving. I live according to my pleasure in the forest.
राजोपक्रोशदोषाश्च सर्वे संश्रयवासिनाम् वनचर्या च निःसङ्गा निर्भया निरवग्रहा
M. N. Dutt: All who live in court have to suffer great pain for evil speeches against themselves. Those, however, who live in the forest, spend their days, fearlessly and without anxiety, observing vows.
नृपेणाहूयमानस्य यत्तिष्ठति भयं हृदि न तत्तिष्ठति तुष्टानां वने मूलफलाशिनाम्
M. N. Dutt: The fear, which possesses the heart of a person, who is summoned by the king is unknown to persons passing their days happily in the forest, living upon fruits and roots.
पानीयं वा निरायासं स्वाद्वन्नं वा भयोत्तरम् विचार्य खलु पश्यामि तत्सुखं यत्र निर्वृतिः
M. N. Dutt: Simple food and drink got without effort, and rich food procured with fear, widely differ from each other. Thinking of these two, I hold that there is happiness where there is not anxiety.
अपराधैर्न तावन्तो भृत्याः शिष्टा नराधिपैः उपघातैर्यथा भृत्या दूषिता निधनं गताः
M. N. Dutt: A few only of the servants of kings are justly punished for their offences. A great number of them, however, meet with death under false charges.
यदि त्वेतन्मया कार्यं मृगेन्द्रो यदि मन्यते समयं कृतमिच्छामि वर्तितव्यं यथा मयि
M. N. Dutt: If, notwithstanding all this, you appoint me, O king of beasts, as your minister, I wish to make an agreement with you regarding your treatment towards men.
मदीया माननीयास्ते श्रोतव्यं च हितं वचः कल्पिता या च ते वृत्तिः सा भवेत्तव सुस्थिरा
M. N. Dutt: Those words that I shall speak for your well being should be listened to, and honoured by you. The provision which you will make for me you will never interface with.
न मन्त्रयेयमन्यैस्ते सचिवैः सह कर्हिचित् नीतिमन्तः परीप्सन्तो वृथा ब्रूयुः परे मयि
M. N. Dutt: I shall never consult with your other ministers. If I do, for they always seek superiority, they will then impute various kinds of faults to me.
एक एकेन संगम्य रहो ब्रूयां हितं तव न च ते ज्ञातिकार्येषु प्रष्टव्योऽहं हिताहिते
M. N. Dutt: Meeting with you alone and in secret I shall say what is for your well-being. About you kinsmen, you will not ask me what is for your behoof or what is otherwise,
मया संमन्त्र्य पश्चाच्च न हिंस्याः सचिवास्त्वया मदीयानां च कुपितो मा त्वं दण्डं निपातयेः
M. N. Dutt: Having consulted with me you shall not punish your other ministers afterwards. Getting enraged you will not punish my followers and dependents.
एवमस्त्विति तेनासौ मृगेन्द्रेणाभिपूजितः प्राप्तवान्मतिसाचिव्यं गोमायुर्व्याघ्रयोनितः
M. N. Dutt: Thus addressed by the jackal, the king of beasts answered him,-Let it be so!-and showed him every honour. The jackal then accepted the ministership of the tiger.
तं तथा सत्कृतं दृष्ट्वा युज्यमानं च कर्मणि प्राद्विषन्कृतसंघाताः पूर्वभृत्या मुहुर्मुहुः
M. N. Dutt: Seeing the jackal treated with respect and supported in all his deeds, the old servants of the king, uniting together, began continually to show their hatred towards him.
मित्रबुद्ध्या च गोमायुं सान्त्वयित्वा प्रवेश्य च दोषेषु समतां नेतुमैच्छन्नशुभबुद्धयः
M. N. Dutt: Those wicked persons at first tried to please and win him over with friendly conduct and make him put up with the various abuses which existed in the state.
अन्यथा ह्युचिताः पूर्वं परद्रव्यापहारिणः अशक्ताः किंचिदादातुं द्रव्यं गोमायुयन्त्रिताः
M. N. Dutt: Robbing other people's property, they had long enjoyed their sports. Now, however, being governed by the jackal, they were unable to take anything belonging to others.
व्युत्थानं चात्र काङ्क्षद्भिः कथाभिः प्रविलोभ्यते धनेन महता चैव बुद्धिरस्य विलोभ्यते
AI Translation: And here, those who desire to rise are seduced by stories, And his mind is seduced by great wealth.
न चापि स महाप्राज्ञस्तस्माद्धैर्याच्चचाल ह अथास्य समयं कृत्वा विनाशाय स्थिताः परे
AI Translation: And that very wise one did not waver from that steadfastness. Then, having made an agreement with him, the others remained to destroy him.
ईप्सितं च मृगेन्द्रस्य मांसं यत्तत्र संस्कृतम् अपनीय स्वयं तद्धि तैर्न्यस्तं तस्य वेश्मनि
M. N. Dutt: Then some amongst them making an agreement amongst themselves for bringing about his destruction, snatched away the welldressed meat that was intended for, and much desired by the king of beasts, and kept it secretly in the house of the jackal.
यदर्थं चाप्यपहृतं येन यच्चैव मन्त्रितम् तस्य तद्विदितं सर्वं कारणार्थं च मर्षितम्
M. N. Dutt: The jackal knew who had taken away the meat and the party who were connected with the act. But though he knew everything, he bore it for a particular object.
समयोऽयं कृतस्तेन साचिव्यमुपगच्छता नोपघातस्त्वया ग्राह्यो राजन्मैत्रीमिहेच्छता
M. N. Dutt: He had made an agreement with the king at the time of his becoming the minister, saying,-You seek my friendship, but you will not, O king, mistrust me without cause.
Supplementary Passages:
12.112.47 After 47, Ś1 K1-4 D1.4.7 T1 G1.2.4 ins.: *261 इति तस्य च मन्त्रस्य स्थित्यर्थं तदुपेक्षितम् On the other hand, K5 V1 B Da Dn D2.3.5.6.8 ins. after 47: *262 भीष्म उवाच क्षुधितस्य मृगेन्द्रस्य भोक्तुमभ्युत्थितस्य च
भोजने चोपहर्तव्ये तन्मांसं न स्म दृश्यते मृगराजेन चाज्ञप्तं मृग्यतां चोर इत्युत
AI Translation: And when the food was being served, that meat was not seen. And the king of the deer ordered, "Let the thief be sought out."
कृतकैश्चापि तन्मांसं मृगेन्द्रायोपवर्णितम् सचिवेनोपनीतं ते विदुषा प्राज्ञमानिना
M. N. Dutt: His deceitful ministers represented to him that the meat kept for him had been taken away by his learned minister, the jackal, that was so proud of his own wisdom.
सरोषस्त्वथ शार्दूलः श्रुत्वा गोमायुचापलम् बभूवामर्षितो राजा वधं चास्याभ्यरोचयत्
M. N. Dutt: Hearing of this unwise act of the jackal, the tiger was insensate with rage. Indeed, the king, yielding to wrath, ordered his minister to be killed.
छिद्रं तु तस्य तद्दृष्ट्वा प्रोचुस्ते पूर्वमन्त्रिणः सर्वेषामेव सोऽस्माकं वृत्तिभङ्गेषु वर्तते
M. N. Dutt: Finding the opportunity, the former ministers said to the king,-The jackal is always ready to take away from all of us the means of sustenance.
Supplementary Passages:
12.112.51 After 51, K5 V1 B (except B1) D (except D1.4.7) ins.: *263 निश्चित्यैवं ततस्तस्य ते तत्कर्माण्यवर्णयन्
इदं चास्येदृशं कर्म वाल्लभ्येन तु रक्ष्यते श्रुतश्च स्वामिना पूर्वं यादृशो नैष तादृशः
AI Translation: And this kind of action of his is protected by Vāllabha. And it was heard by the master before, that he is not like that.
वाङ्मात्रेणैव धर्मिष्ठः स्वभावेन तु दारुणः धर्मच्छद्मा ह्ययं पापो वृथाचारपरिग्रहः कार्यार्थं भोजनार्थेषु व्रतेषु कृतवाञ्श्रमम्
M. N. Dutt: At heart a wretch, he has disguised himself by assuming the grab of virtue. His conduct is really vicious. For serving his own purpose he had practised austerities in matters of diet and vows.
Supplementary Passages:
12.112.53 After 53, K4.5 V1 B D (except D1.4.7) Ca ins.: *264 यदि विप्रत्ययो ह्येष तदिदं दर्शयाम ते तन्मांसं चैव गोमायोस्तत्क्षणात्तैस्तु डौकितम्
मांसापनयनं ज्ञात्वा व्याघ्रस्तेषां तु तद्वचः आज्ञापयामास तदा गोमायुर्वध्यतामिति
M. N. Dutt: Determining that the meat was brought back from the jackal's house and hearing all those representations of his old servants, the king ordered, saying,-Let the jackal be killed.
शार्दूलवचनं श्रुत्वा शार्दूलजननी ततः मृगराजं हितैर्वाक्यैः संबोधयितुमागमत्
M. N. Dutt: Hearing these words of the tiger, his mother came there for awakening her son's good sense with wholesome advice.
पुत्र नैतत्त्वया ग्राह्यं कपटारम्भसंवृतम् कर्मसंघर्षजैर्दोषैर्दुष्यत्यशुचिभिः शुचिः
M. N. Dutt: The venerabie dame said,-O son, you should not believe this deceitful charge. Actuated by envy and rivalry, wicked men impute faults to even an honest person.
नोच्छ्रितं सहते कश्चित्प्रक्रिया वैरकारिका शुचेरपि हि युक्तस्य दोष एव निपात्यते
M. N. Dutt: Enemies desirous of a quarrel cannot bear the elevation of an enemy engendered by his great deeds. Faults are attributed to even a person soul performing penances. of pure
Supplementary Passages:
12.112.57 After 57, K5 V1 B D (except D1.4.7) ins.: *265 मुनेरपि वनस्थस्य स्वानि कर्माणि कुर्वतः उत्पद्यन्ते त्रयः पक्षा मित्रोदासीनशत्रवः
लुब्धानां शुचयो द्वेष्याः कातराणां तरस्विनः मूर्खाणां पण्डिता द्वेष्या दरिद्राणां महाधनाः अधार्मिकाणां धर्मिष्ठा विरूपाणां सुरूपकाः
M. N. Dutt: The rapacious hate the pure. The idle hate the active. The ignorant hate the learned. The poor hate the rich. The unrighteous hate the righteous. The ugly hate the beautiful.
बहवः पण्डिता लुब्धाः सर्वे मायोपजीविनः कुर्युर्दोषमदोषस्य बृहस्पतिमतेरपि
AI Translation: Many wise men are greedy, all of them living by deceit. They would find fault even with the opinion of Brihaspati.
शून्यात्तच्च गृहान्मांसं यदद्यापहृतं तव नेच्छते दीयमानं च साधु तावद्विमृश्यताम्
M. N. Dutt: If meat had really been stolen from your house in your absence, remember the jackal refuses to take any meat that is even given to him. Let sufficient attention be paid to his fact.
असत्याः सत्यसंकाशाः सत्याश्चासत्यदर्शिनः दृश्यन्ते विविधा भावास्तेषु युक्तं परीक्षणम्
M. N. Dutt: Wicked persons sometimes pass for the virtues, and the virtues are sometimes taken for the wicked. There are various aspects in creatures. It is, therefore, necessary to examine which is which.
तलवद्दृश्यते व्योम खद्योतो हव्यवाडिव न चैवास्ति तलं व्योम्नि न खद्योते हुताशनः
M. N. Dutt: The sky seems to be like the solid base of a vessel. The fire-fly appears like the actual spark of fire. In sooth, however, the sky has no base and there is no fire in the fire-fly.
तस्मात्प्रत्यक्षदृष्टोऽपि युक्तमर्थः परीक्षितुम् परीक्ष्य ज्ञापयन्ह्यर्थान्न पश्चात्परितप्यते
M. N. Dutt: You should there scrutinise even things which you see with your own eyes. If a person determines everything after scrutiny, he never regrets afterwards.
न दुष्करमिदं पुत्र यत्प्रभुर्घातयेत्परम् श्लाघनीया च वर्या च लोके प्रभवतां क्षमा
M. N. Dutt: It is not at all difficult, O son, for a master to put his servant to death. Forgiveness, however, in persons endued with power, is always praiseworthy and yields fame.
स्थापितोऽयं पुत्र त्वया सामन्तेष्वधि विश्रुतः दुःखेनासाद्यते पात्रं धार्यतामेष ते सुहृत्
M. N. Dutt: You had made the jackal your first minister. For that act, you had acquired great fame among all the neighbouring chiefs. A good minister cannot be secured easily. The jackal is your well wisher. Let him, therefore, be supported.
दूषितं परदोषैर्हि गृह्णीते योऽन्यथा शुचिम् स्वयं संदूषितामात्यः क्षिप्रमेव विनश्यति
M. N. Dutt: That king, who considers a really innocent person falsely accused by his enemies to be guilty, is soon ruined by the wicked ministers who create that conviction in him!
तस्मादथारिसंघाताद्गोमायोः कश्चिदागतः धर्मात्मा तेन चाख्यातं यथैतत्कपटं कृतम्
M. N. Dutt: After the tiger's mother had her say, a righteous agent of the jackal, coming out of that array of his enemies, disclosed everything about the way in which that false accusation had been made.
ततो विज्ञातचारित्रः सत्कृत्य स विमोक्षितः परिष्वक्तश्च सस्नेहं मृगेन्द्रेण पुनः पुनः
M. N. Dutt: The jackal's innocence being proved, he was acquitted and respected by his master. The king of beasts embraced him affectionately again and again.
अनुज्ञाप्य मृगेन्द्रं तु गोमायुर्नीतिशास्त्रवित् तेनामर्षेण संतप्तः प्रायमासितुमैच्छत
M. N. Dutt: Burning with grief, the jackal, however, who was master of the science of policy, salutated the king of beasts and solicited his permission for sacrificing his life by observing the Praya vow.
शार्दूलस्तत्र गोमायुं स्नेहात्प्रस्रुतलोचनः अवारयत्स धर्मिष्ठं पूजया प्रतिपूजयन्
M. N. Dutt: Looking upon the virtuous jackal with affection and honouring him with reverential worship, the tiger, tried to dissuade him from fulfilling his wishes.
तं स गोमायुरालोक्य स्नेहादागतसंभ्रमम् बभाषे प्रणतो वाक्यं बाष्पगद्गदया गिरा
M. N. Dutt: Seeing his master moved with affection, the jackal bowed down to him, and, in a voice suppressed with tears, said
पूजितोऽहं त्वया पूर्वं पश्चाच्चैव विमानितः परेषामास्पदं नीतो वस्तुं नार्हाम्यहं त्वयि
M. N. Dutt: Honoured by you first, I have afterwards been insulted by you. Your conduct towards me is calculated to make me an enemy of yours. It is not meet, therefore, that I should any longer live with you.
स्वसंतुष्टाश्च्युताः स्थानान्मानात्प्रत्यवरोपिताः स्वयं चोपहृता भृत्या ये चाप्युपहृताः परैः
AI Translation: Those who are satisfied with their own lot, those who have fallen from their positions, those who have been degraded from their positions, Those who have been served by themselves and those who have been served by others,
परिक्षीणाश्च लुब्धाश्च क्रूराः काराभितापिताः हृतस्वा मानिनो ये च त्यक्तोपात्ता महेप्सवः
AI Translation: Those who are exhausted, greedy, cruel, imprisoned, those who have lost their wealth, those who are proud, those who have given up their possessions, those who desire greatness,
संतापिताश्च ये केचिद्व्यसनौघप्रतीक्षिणः अन्तर्हिताः सोपहिताः सर्वे ते परसाधनाः
AI Translation: Those who are tormented and await a flood of misfortune, those who are hidden and those who are provided for, all of them are dependent on others.
अवमानेन युक्तस्य स्थापितस्य च मे पुनः कथं यास्यसि विश्वासमहमेष्यामि वा पुनः
M. N. Dutt: I have been insulted by you and degraded from my place. How will you trust me again? How shall I continue to live with you?
समर्थ इति संगृह्य स्थापयित्वा परीक्ष्य च कृतं च समयं भित्त्वा त्वयाहमवमानितः
M. N. Dutt: Knowing me to be competent you appointed me, and having examined me you had placed me in office. Violating the agreement then made (between us) you have insulted me.
प्रथमं यः समाख्यातः शीलवानिति संसदि न वाच्यं तस्य वैगुण्यं प्रतिज्ञां परिरक्षता
M. N. Dutt: If one speaks of a particular person before others of righteous conduct, one should not, if desirous of keeping one's consistency, afterwards describe the same person as wicked.
एवं चावमतस्येह विश्वासं किं प्रयास्यसि त्वयि चैव ह्यविश्वासे ममोद्वेगो भविष्यति
M. N. Dutt: I, who have thus been dishonoured by you, cannot any longer enjoy your confidence. On my part, when I shall find you withdraw your confidence from me, I shall be stricken with alarm and anxiety.
शङ्कितस्त्वमहं भीतः परे छिद्रानुदर्शिनः अस्निग्धाश्चैव दुस्तोषाः कर्म चैतद्बहुच्छलम्
M. N. Dutt: You entertaining suspicion and myself entertaining fear, our enemies will always try to find out opportunities for injuring us. Your subjects will, as a matter of fact, become anxious and discontented. Such a state of things has many shortcomings.
Supplementary Passages:
12.112.80 After 80, B (except B3) Da ins.: *266 पूर्वसंमानता यत्र पश्चाच्चैव विमानना न तं धीराः प्रशंसन्ति संमानितविमानितम्
दुःखेन श्लेष्यते भिन्नं श्लिष्टं दुःखेन भिद्यते भिन्नश्लिष्टा तु या प्रीतिर्न सा स्नेहेन वर्तते
M. N. Dutt: It is difficult to unite again two who have been separated, as it is difficult to separate two that are united. If persons, reunited after separation, meet one another again, their conduct cannot be affectionate.
कश्चिदेव हि भीतस्तु दृश्यते न परात्मनोः कार्यापेक्षा हि वर्तन्ते भावाः स्निग्धास्तु दुर्लभाः
M. N. Dutt: No servant is to be seen who always wishes to do good to his master. People work with the desire of doing good to his master as also to one's own self. All works are undertaken from selfish desires. Unselfish works or motives are very rare.
सुदुःखं पुरुषज्ञानं चित्तं ह्येषां चलाचलम् समर्थो वाप्यशक्तो वा शतेष्वेकोऽधिगम्यते
M. N. Dutt: Those kings, whose hearts are restless and unquiet; cannot gain a true knowledge of men. Only one in a hundred can be found who is either capable or undaunted.
अकस्मात्प्रक्रिया नॄणामकस्माच्चापकर्षणम् शुभाशुभे महत्त्वं च प्रकर्तुं बुद्धिलाघवात्
M. N. Dutt: The prosperity of men, as also their downfall, originates of itself. Prosperity and adversity, and greatness, all originate from weakness of understanding.
एवं बहुविधं सान्त्वमुक्त्वा धर्मार्थहेतुमत् प्रसादयित्वा राजानं गोमायुर्वनमभ्यगात्
M. N. Dutt: Bhishma said Having said these conciliatory words pregnant with virtue, pleasure and profit, and having pleased the king, the jackal retired to the forest.
अगृह्यानुनयं तस्य मृगेन्द्रस्य स बुद्धिमान् गोमायुः प्रायमासीनस्त्यक्त्वा देहं दिवं ययौ
M. N. Dutt: Without heeding the entreaties of the king of beasts, the intelligent jackal renounced his body by sitting in Praya and went to heaven.