Critical Edition
वैशंपायन उवाच ब्रह्मणो मानसाः पुत्रा विदिताः षण्महर्षयः एकादश सुताः स्थाणोः ख्याताः परममानसाः
AI Translation: Vaishampayana said: The six great sages are known as the mental sons of Brahma. The eleven sons of Sthanu are known as the supreme mental sons.
मृगव्याधश्च शर्वश्च निरृतिश्च महायशाः अजैकपादहिर्बुध्न्यः पिनाकी च परंतपः
AI Translation: The hunter of deer, the great glorious Nirriti, the one-footed, the one-legged, the Pinaki, the tormentor of enemies,
दहनोऽथेश्वरश्चैव कपाली च महाद्युतिः स्थाणुर्भवश्च भगवान्रुद्रा एकादश स्मृताः
AI Translation: Dhana, Ishvara, Kapali, the greatly radiant one, Sthanu, Bhava, the Blessed One - these are said to be the eleven Rudras.
मरीचिरङ्गिरा अत्रिः पुलस्त्यः पुलहः क्रतुः षडेते ब्रह्मणः पुत्रा वीर्यवन्तो महर्षयः
AI Translation: Marīci, Aṅgiras, Atri, Pulastya, Pulaha, Kratu— These six sons of Brahmā were powerful great sages.
त्रयस्त्वङ्गिरसः पुत्रा लोके सर्वत्र विश्रुताः बृहस्पतिरुतथ्यश्च संवर्तश्च धृतव्रताः
AI Translation: The three sons of Angirasa are well-known everywhere in the world: Brihaspati, Utathya, and Samvarta, of firm vows.
अत्रेस्तु बहवः पुत्राः श्रूयन्ते मनुजाधिप सर्वे वेदविदः सिद्धाः शान्तात्मानो महर्षयः
AI Translation: O king, many sons of Atri are heard of, all of them learned in the Vedas, accomplished, tranquil-minded, great sages.
राक्षसास्तु पुलस्त्यस्य वानराः किंनरास्तथा पुलहस्य मृगाः सिंहा व्याघ्राः किंपुरुषास्तथा
AI Translation: The demons, monkeys, and Kinnaras are the sons of Pulastya. The deer, lions, tigers, and Kimpuruṣas are the sons of Pulaha.
Supplementary Passages:
1.60.7 After 7ab, Ñ V1 B D ins.: *541 यक्षाश्च मनुजव्याघ्र पुत्रास्तस्य च धीमतः For 7cd, N (Ś1 missing; K1.2.4 om. line 1) subst.: *542 पुलहस्य सुता राजञ्शरभाश्च प्रकीर्तिताः सिंहाः किंपुरुषा व्याघ्रा ऋक्षा ईहामृगास्तथा
क्रतोः क्रतुसमाः पुत्राः पतंगसहचारिणः विश्रुतास्त्रिषु लोकेषु सत्यव्रतपरायणाः
AI Translation: The sons of Kratu were equal to Kratu, companions of Patanga, well-known in the three worlds, devoted to the highest truth.
दक्षस्त्वजायताङ्गुष्ठाद्दक्षिणाद्भगवानृषिः ब्रह्मणः पृथिवीपाल पुत्रः पुत्रवतां वरः
AI Translation: Daksha was born from the right thumb of the Lord, the sage. He was the son of Brahma, the best of those who have sons.
वामादजायताङ्गुष्ठाद्भार्या तस्य महात्मनः तस्यां पञ्चाशतं कन्याः स एवाजनयन्मुनिः
AI Translation: From the left thumb of the great-souled one was born his wife. In her, the sage himself generated five hundred daughters.
ताः सर्वास्त्वनवद्याङ्ग्यः कन्याः कमललोचनाः पुत्रिकाः स्थापयामास नष्टपुत्रः प्रजापतिः
AI Translation: All those faultless-bodied maidens, lotus-eyed, the Patriarch, who had lost his sons, established as his daughters.
ददौ स दश धर्माय सप्तविंशतिमिन्दवे दिव्येन विधिना राजन्कश्यपाय त्रयोदश
AI Translation: He gave ten to Dharma, twenty-seven to Indra, By the divine method, O king, thirteen to Kashyapa,
नामतो धर्मपत्न्यस्ताः कीर्त्यमाना निबोध मे कीर्तिर्लक्ष्मीर्धृतिर्मेधा पुष्टिः श्रद्धा क्रिया तथा
AI Translation: Listen to me as I describe them by name, the Dharma-wives. Kīrti, Lakṣmī, Dhṛti, Medhā, Puṣṭi, Śradd
बुद्धिर्लज्जा मतिश्चैव पत्न्यो धर्मस्य ता दश द्वाराण्येतानि धर्मस्य विहितानि स्वयंभुवा
AI Translation: Intelligence, modesty, and wisdom are the ten wives of Dharma. These are the doors of Dharma, established by the Self-existent One.
सप्तविंशति सोमस्य पत्न्यो लोके परिश्रुताः कालस्य नयने युक्ताः सोमपत्न्यः शुभव्रताः सर्वा नक्षत्रयोगिन्यो लोकयात्राविधौ स्थिताः
AI Translation: The twenty-seven wives of Soma are renowned in the world, Devoted to the conduct of time, the wives of Soma, of auspicious vows, All of them are associated with the constellations
पितामहो मुनिर्देवस्तस्य पुत्रः प्रजापतिः तस्याष्टौ वसवः पुत्रास्तेषां वक्ष्यामि विस्तरम्
AI Translation: The grandfather is the sage, the god, his son is Prajapati. He has eight sons, the Vasus. I shall tell their details.
धरो ध्रुवश्च सोमश्च अहश्चैवानिलोऽनलः प्रत्यूषश्च प्रभासश्च वसवोऽष्टाविति स्मृताः
AI Translation: Dhara, Dhruva, Soma, Ahar, Anila, Anala, Pratyusha, and Prabhasa - these are known as the eight Vasus.
धूम्रायाश्च धरः पुत्रो ब्रह्मविद्यो ध्रुवस्तथा चन्द्रमास्तु मनस्विन्याः श्वसायाः श्वसनस्तथा
AI Translation: Dhruva, the son of Dhūmrā, was a knower of Brahman. Candra was the son of Manasyā, and Śvasana was the son of Śvas
रतायाश्चाप्यहः पुत्रः शाण्डिल्याश्च हुताशनः प्रत्यूषश्च प्रभासश्च प्रभातायाः सुतौ स्मृतौ
AI Translation: The son of Ratā was Ahah, and of Śāṇḍilī, Hutāśana. The sons of Prabhā are remembered as Pratyūṣa and Prabhā
धरस्य पुत्रो द्रविणो हुतहव्यवहस्तथा ध्रुवस्य पुत्रो भगवान्कालो लोकप्रकालनः
AI Translation: Dhara's son was Draviṇa, the bearer of oblations. The son of Dhruva was the Lord Kāla, the destroyer of the world.
Supplementary Passages:
1.60.20 After 20ab, S (except G3) ins.: *543 आपस्य पुत्रो वैतण्ड्यः श्रमश्रान्तो मुनिस्तथा
सोमस्य तु सुतो वर्चा वर्चस्वी येन जायते मनोहरायाः शिशिरः प्राणोऽथ रमणस्तथा
AI Translation: The son of Soma is Varcas, by whom one becomes radiant. The cool one of Manohara, the life, and the lover.
अह्नः सुतः स्मृतो ज्योतिः श्रमः शान्तस्तथा मुनिः अग्नेः पुत्रः कुमारस्तु श्रीमाञ्शरवणालयः
AI Translation: The son of the day is known as Jyotis, the son of the night is Śrama, and the son of the sage is Śānta. The son of Agni is Kumāra
तस्य शाखो विशाखश्च नैगमेशश्च पृष्ठजः कृत्तिकाभ्युपपत्तेश्च कार्त्तिकेय इति स्मृतः
AI Translation: His sons were Śākha, Viśākha, and the lord of the city, Pṛṣṭhaja. Because he was born from the womb of Kṛttikā,
अनिलस्य शिवा भार्या तस्याः पुत्रः पुरोजवः अविज्ञातगतिश्चैव द्वौ पुत्रावनिलस्य तु
AI Translation: The wife of the wind-god was Śivā, and her son was Purojava. The two sons of the wind-god were Avijñātagati and
Supplementary Passages:
1.60.24 After 24ab, B4 ins.: *544 विश्वकर्मा महाभागो तस्य पुत्रो मनोजवः
प्रत्यूषस्य विदुः पुत्रमृषिं नाम्नाथ देवलम् द्वौ पुत्रौ देवलस्यापि क्षमावन्तौ मनीषिणौ
AI Translation: They know that Prātyūṣa was the son of Vidhu, the sage named Devala. Devala had two sons, both forbearing and wise,
Supplementary Passages:
1.60.25 After 25, M5 ins.: *545 शङ्खश्च लिखितश्चैव सर्वशास्त्रविशारदौ
बृहस्पतेस्तु भगिनी वरस्त्री ब्रह्मचारिणी योगसिद्धा जगत्सर्वमसक्तं विचरत्युत प्रभासस्य तु भार्या सा वसूनामष्टमस्य ह
AI Translation: The sister of Brihaspati, a chaste woman, a celibate, She, having attained perfection through yoga, moves about in the entire world without attachment. She was the wife of Prab
Supplementary Passages:
1.60.26 After 26, T G (except G4.5) ins.: *546 प्रासूत विश्वकर्माणं सर्वशिल्पवतां वरम्
विश्वकर्मा महाभागो जज्ञे शिल्पप्रजापतिः कर्ता शिल्पसहस्राणां त्रिदशानां च वर्धकिः
AI Translation: The illustrious Vishvakarma, the lord of the arts, was born. He was the creator of thousands of arts and the architect of the gods.
भूषणानां च सर्वेषां कर्ता शिल्पवतां वरः यो दिव्यानि विमानानि देवतानां चकार ह
AI Translation: He was the best of craftsmen, the maker of all ornaments, who built the celestial palaces for the gods.
मनुष्याश्चोपजीवन्ति यस्य शिल्पं महात्मनः पूजयन्ति च यं नित्यं विश्वकर्माणमव्ययम्
AI Translation: Men live by the art of that great soul, And always worship the imperishable Vishvakarma.
स्तनं तु दक्षिणं भित्त्वा ब्रह्मणो नरविग्रहः निःसृतो भगवान्धर्मः सर्वलोकसुखावहः
AI Translation: The Lord, the embodiment of Dharma, the bestower of happiness to all worlds, emerged from the right breast of Brahmā, having split it.
त्रयस्तस्य वराः पुत्राः सर्वभूतमनोहराः शमः कामश्च हर्षश्च तेजसा लोकधारिणः
AI Translation: His three sons were the most charming to all beings, Śama, Kāma, and Harṣa, who supported the world with their splendor.
कामस्य तु रतिर्भार्या शमस्य प्राप्तिरङ्गना नन्दी तु भार्या हर्षस्य यत्र लोकाः प्रतिष्ठिताः
AI Translation: The wife of desire is pleasure, the wife of peace is attainment, The wife of joy is Nandī, where people are established.
मरीचेः कश्यपः पुत्रः कश्यपस्य सुरासुराः जज्ञिरे नृपशार्दूल लोकानां प्रभवस्तु सः
AI Translation: Marichi had a son named Kashyapa, from whom were born the gods and demons. O best of kings, he is the source of the worlds.
त्वाष्ट्री तु सवितुर्भार्या वडवारूपधारिणी असूयत महाभागा सान्तरिक्षेऽश्विनावुभौ
AI Translation: Savitri's wife, the bearer of the form of a she-goat, gave birth to the two Ashvins in the sky.
द्वादशैवादितेः पुत्राः शक्रमुख्या नराधिप तेषामवरजो विष्णुर्यत्र लोकाः प्रतिष्ठिताः
AI Translation: O king, the twelve sons of Aditi, headed by Indra, The youngest of them is Vishnu, in whom the worlds are established.
त्रयस्त्रिंशत इत्येते देवास्तेषामहं तव अन्वयं संप्रवक्ष्यामि पक्षैश्च कुलतो गणान्
AI Translation: These thirty-three gods, of whom you are one, I shall now relate their lineage, their families, and their groups.
रुद्राणामपरः पक्षः साध्यानां मरुतां तथा वसूनां भार्गवं विद्याद्विश्वेदेवांस्तथैव च
AI Translation: The other group of Rudras, the Sadhyas, the Maruts, and the Vasus, one should know as the sons of Bhrigu, and the Vishvadevas.
वैनतेयस्तु गरुडो बलवानरुणस्तथा बृहस्पतिश्च भगवानादित्येष्वेव गण्यते
AI Translation: Garuḍa, the son of Vinatā, is powerful, as is Aruṇa. Brihaspati, the revered one, is counted among the Ādityas.
अश्विभ्यां गुह्यकान्विद्धि सर्वौषध्यस्तथा पशून् एष देवगणो राजन्कीर्तितस्तेऽनुपूर्वशः यं कीर्तयित्वा मनुजः सर्वपापैः प्रमुच्यते
AI Translation: Know the Ashvins to be the Guhyakas, and all herbs and animals. This group of gods, O king, has been described to you in due order. By reciting this,
ब्रह्मणो हृदयं भित्त्वा निःसृतो भगवान्भृगुः भृगोः पुत्रः कविर्विद्वाञ्शुक्रः कविसुतो ग्रहः
AI Translation: The Blessed One Bhṛgu emerged from the heart of Brahmā. Bhṛgu's son was the wise and learned Shukra, and Shukra's son was the planet Gra
त्रैलोक्यप्राणयात्रार्थे वर्षावर्षे भयाभये स्वयंभुवा नियुक्तः सन्भुवनं परिधावति
AI Translation: For the sake of the life of the three worlds, for the rain and non-rain, for fear and non-fear, Having been appointed by the Self-existent One, he runs around
योगाचार्यो महाबुद्धिर्दैत्यानामभवद्गुरुः सुराणां चापि मेधावी ब्रह्मचारी यतव्रतः
AI Translation: The wise Yogācārya became the teacher of the demons, and the intelligent one, the celibate one, the one of controlled vows, was also the teacher of the gods.
Supplementary Passages:
1.60.42 After 42, B4.6 (marg.) repeats 1.59.35cd, which is followed by: *547 षण्डामार्कौ प्रथमतः प्रथितावुग्रतेजसौ
तस्मिन्नियुक्ते विभुना योगक्षेमाय भार्गवे अन्यमुत्पादयामास पुत्रं भृगुरनिन्दितम्
AI Translation: When Bhṛgu was appointed by the Lord for the protection of the universe, Bhṛgu begot another son, the unblamable Anīndita.
च्यवनं दीप्ततपसं धर्मात्मानं मनीषिणम् यः स रोषाच्च्युतो गर्भान्मातुर्मोक्षाय भारत
AI Translation: Chyaavana, the son of the sage Vashishtha, was a man of great austerities, a righteous soul, and a wise man. He was born from the womb of his
Supplementary Passages:
1.60.44 After 44, K0.4 ins.: *548 आसीत्तस्य सुकन्या वै भार्या चापि महात्मनः
आरुषी तु मनोः कन्या तस्य पत्नी मनीषिणः और्वस्तस्यां समभवदूरुं भित्त्वा महायशाः महातपा महातेजा बाल एव गुणैर्युतः
AI Translation: Āruṣi was the daughter of Manu, the wife of the wise one. From her was born Aurva, of great fame, having split her thigh. He was of great auster
ऋचीकस्तस्य पुत्रस्तु जमदग्निस्ततोऽभवत् जमदग्नेस्तु चत्वार आसन्पुत्रा महात्मनः
AI Translation: Richika was his son, and from him was born Jamadagni. Jamadagni had four sons.
रामस्तेषां जघन्योऽभूदजघन्यैर्गुणैर्युतः सर्वशस्त्रास्त्रकुशलः क्षत्रियान्तकरो वशी
AI Translation: Rama was the youngest of them, but he was endowed with qualities that were not inferior. He was skilled in all weapons and missiles, the destroyer of Kshatriyas, and self-controlled
और्वस्यासीत्पुत्रशतं जमदग्निपुरोगमम् तेषां पुत्रसहस्राणि बभूवुर्भृगुविस्तरः
AI Translation: Aurva had a hundred sons, with Jamadagni at their head. The descendants of these sons were Bhrigu.
द्वौ पुत्रौ ब्रह्मणस्त्वन्यौ ययोस्तिष्ठति लक्षणम् लोके धाता विधाता च यौ स्थितौ मनुना सह
AI Translation: The two sons of Brahma, who are the two marks of the world, Dhatri and Vidhatri, who are established with Manu,
तयोरेव स्वसा देवी लक्ष्मीः पद्मगृहा शुभा तस्यास्तु मानसाः पुत्रास्तुरगा व्योमचारिणः
AI Translation: The goddess Lakshmi, the sister of those two, is auspicious, dwelling in a lotus house. Her sons are celestial horses that move through the sky.
वरुणस्य भार्या ज्येष्ठा तु शुक्राद्देवी व्यजायत तस्याः पुत्रं बलं विद्धि सुरां च सुरनन्दिनीम्
AI Translation: The eldest wife of Varuna, the goddess, was born from Shukra. Know her son as Bala and Sura, the delight of the gods.
प्रजानामन्नकामानामन्योन्यपरिभक्षणात् अधर्मस्तत्र संजातः सर्वभूतविनाशनः
AI Translation: From the mutual devouring of creatures, who desired food, adharma arose, destroying all beings.
तस्यापि निरृतिर्भार्या नैरृता येन राक्षसाः घोरास्तस्यास्त्रयः पुत्राः पापकर्मरताः सदा भयो महाभयश्चैव मृत्युर्भूतान्तकस्तथा
AI Translation: His wife was Nirriti, from whom the demons were born. Her three sons were always engaged in evil deeds: Bhaya, Mahābhāya, and Mṛtyu, the
Supplementary Passages:
1.60.53 After 53, N (Ś1 missing) ins.: *549 न तस्य भार्या पुत्रो वा कश्चिदस्त्यन्तको हि सः
काकीं श्येनीं च भासीं च धृतराष्ट्रीं तथा शुकीम् ताम्रा तु सुषुवे देवी पञ्चैता लोकविश्रुताः
AI Translation: The female crow, the female hawk, the female owl, the female vulture, and the female heron. The goddess Tamra gave birth to these five, renowned throughout the world.
Supplementary Passages:
1.60.54 After 54, D3 G1-3.6 read 67 (with 67ef before 67ab). Then follows: *550 भार्या गरुत्मतश्चैव भासी क्रौञ्ची शुकी तथा चतुर्थी धृतराष्ट्री च तास्वपत्यान्निबोध मे
उलूकान्सुषुवे काकी श्येनी श्येनान्व्यजायत भासी भासानजनयद्गृध्रांश्चैव जनाधिप
AI Translation: The owl gave birth to owls, the hawk to hawks, the vulture to vultures, and the eagle to eagles, O Lord of men. The crow gave birth to crows, the heron to
धृतराष्ट्री तु हंसांश्च कलहंसांश्च सर्वशः चक्रवाकांश्च भद्रं ते प्रजज्ञे सा तु भामिनी
AI Translation: But Dhritarashtrī gave birth to swans, white and black, and to ruddy geese, and to cakravākas, O fortunate one.
शुकी विजज्ञे धर्मज्ञ शुकानेव मनस्विनी कल्याणगुणसंपन्ना सर्वलक्षणपूजिता
AI Translation: The wise female parrot, full of wisdom, possessed of all good qualities, honored by all characteristics,
नव क्रोधवशा नारीः प्रजज्ञेऽप्यात्मसंभवाः मृगीं च मृगमन्दां च हरिं भद्रमनामपि
AI Translation: The nine daughters of the self-born one, who were under the control of anger, were: Mrigī, Mrigamandā, Hari, Bhadra, and Anāmā
मातङ्गीमथ शार्दूलीं श्वेतां सुरभिमेव च सर्वलक्षणसंपन्नां सुरसां च यशस्विनीम्
AI Translation: The female elephant, the lioness, the white one, the fragrant one, endowed with all good qualities, the sweet-smelling one, and the glorious one,
अपत्यं तु मृगाः सर्वे मृग्या नरवरात्मज ऋक्षाश्च मृगमन्दायाः सृमराश्चमरा अपि
AI Translation: The offspring of the female deer are all deer, O best of men. The bears and the camels are the offspring of the female deer, and also the camels.
ततस्त्वैरावतं नागं जज्ञे भद्रमना सुतम् ऐरावतः सुतस्तस्या देवनागो महागजः
AI Translation: Then from him was born the elephant Airāvata, the son of Bhadramana. Airāvata was his son, the great elephant of the gods.
हर्याश्च हरयोऽपत्यं वानराश्च तरस्विनः गोलाङ्गूलांश्च भद्रं ते हर्याः पुत्रान्प्रचक्षते
AI Translation: The monkeys are the sons of Hari, the swift monkeys, and the Golaṅgulas, O fortunate one, are said to be the sons of Hari.
प्रजज्ञे त्वथ शार्दूली सिंहान्व्याघ्रांश्च भारत द्वीपिनश्च महाभाग सर्वानेव न संशयः
AI Translation: Then, O descendant of Bharata, the lioness gave birth to lions, tigers, and leopards, and to all the great beasts, without a doubt.
मातङ्ग्यास्त्वथ मातङ्गा अपत्यानि नराधिप दिशागजं तु श्वेताख्यं श्वेताजनयदाशुगम्
AI Translation: O king, the elephants were the sons of the elephant-woman. The white elephant, the leader of the directions, gave birth to the swift white one.
तथा दुहितरौ राजन्सुरभिर्वै व्यजायत रोहिणीं चैव भद्रं ते गन्धर्वीं च यशस्विनीम् रोहिण्यां जज्ञिरे गावो गन्धर्व्यां वाजिनः सुताः
AI Translation: Thus, O king, Surabhi gave birth to two daughters: Rohini and the glorious Gandharvi. Cows were born from Rohini, and horses from Gandharvi.
Supplementary Passages:
1.60.65 After 65d, Ñ1.2 V1 Dn D1.4 ins.: *551 विमलामपि भद्रं ते अमलामपि भारत
सुरसाजनयन्नागान्राजन्कद्रूश्च पन्नगान् सप्त पिण्डफलान्वृक्षाननलापि व्यजायत अनलायाः शुकी पुत्री कद्र्वास्तु सुरसा सुता
AI Translation: O king, Surasā gave birth to the Nāgas, and Kadrū to the Serpents. Anilā gave birth to seven trees bearing fruit in clusters. Anil
Supplementary Passages:
1.60.66 After 66ab, D3 T G ins.: *552 इरायां कन्यका जातास्तिस्रः कमललोचनाः वनस्पतीनां वृक्षाणां वीरुधां चैव मातरः लतारुहे च द्वे प्रोक्ते वीरुधा एव ताः स्मृताः गृह्णन्ति येऽपि ताः पुष्पं फलानि तरसा पृथक् ततो सुतास्ते विज्ञेयास्तानेवाहुर्वनस्पतीन् पुष्पैः फलग्रहान्वृक्षान्रुहायाः प्रसवं विदुः लतागुल्मानि वल्ल्यश्च त्वक्सारतृणजातयः वीरुधो याः प्रजास्तस्यास्तत्र वंशः समाप्यते
अरुणस्य भार्या श्येनी तु वीर्यवन्तौ महाबलौ संपातिं जनयामास तथैव च जटायुषम् द्वौ पुत्रौ विनतायास्तु विख्यातौ गरुडारुणौ
AI Translation: The wife of Aruṇa, Śyenī, gave birth to two sons, Sampāti and Jaṭāyuṣa, who were powerful and very strong. The two sons of Vinat
Supplementary Passages:
1.60.67 After 67cd, Ś1 K1.3 Ñ V1 B D (except D2.3) T1 G1.2 read 66ab; while D2 ins.: *553 कद्रूर्नागमनन्तं च प्रजज्ञे धरणीधरम्
इत्येष सर्वभूतानां महतां मनुजाधिप प्रभवः कीर्तितः सम्यङ्मया मतिमतां वर
AI Translation: Thus, O lord of men, this is the origin of all beings, the great ones, has been properly described by me, O best of the wise.
यं श्रुत्वा पुरुषः सम्यक्पूतो भवति पाप्मनः सर्वज्ञतां च लभते गतिमग्र्यां च विन्दति
AI Translation: Hearing which, a man becomes purified from sin, and attains omniscience and the highest state.