Critical Edition
वैशंपायन उवाच तथैव सहदेवोऽपि धर्मराजेन पूजितः महत्या सेनया सार्धं प्रययौ दक्षिणां दिशम्
M. N. Dutt: Vaishampayana said O king, having been sent away with affection by Dharmaraja (Yudhishthira), with a very large army Sahadeva, was marched towards the south.
स शूरसेनान्कार्त्स्न्येन पूर्वमेवाजयत्प्रभुः मत्स्यराजं च कौरव्यो वशे चक्रे बलाद्बली
M. N. Dutt: That powerful descendant of Kuru, the lord (Sahadeva), strong in his own strength, vanquished the Shurasenas at the very outset. He then subjugated the king of Matsya.
अधिराजाधिपं चैव दन्तवक्रं महाहवे जिगाय करदं चैव स्वराज्ये संन्यवेशयत्
M. N. Dutt: Having vanquished the powerful king of the Adhirajas, Dantavakra, and having made him pay tribute, the hero (Sahadeva) then replaced him on his throne.
सुकुमारं वशे चक्रे सुमित्रं च नराधिपम् तथैवापरमत्स्यांश्च व्यजयत्स पटच्चरान्
M. N. Dutt: He then subjugated Sukumara and the king Sumitra, and then the other Matsyas, and then the Patachharas.
निषादभूमिं गोशृङ्गं पर्वतप्रवरं तथा तरसा व्यजयद्धीमाञ्श्रेणिमन्तं च पार्थिवम्
M. N. Dutt: The greatly intelligent (Sahadeva) then soon conquered the country of the Nishadas and also the best of hills, called Goshringa, and the king, called Shrenimana.
Supplementary Passages:
2.28.5 For 4c-5d, G1 subst.: *295 श्रेणिमन्तमथो जित्वा गोशृङ्गेऽथ पटच्चरान्
नवराष्ट्रं विनिर्जित्य कुन्तिभोजमुपाद्रवत् प्रीतिपूर्वं च तस्यासौ प्रतिजग्राह शासनम्
M. N. Dutt: Having then conquered the country, named Nararashtra, he marched against Kuntibhoja. He (the king of Kuntibhoja) very willingly accepted the sway (of the Pandavas).
ततश्चर्मण्वतीकूले जम्भकस्यात्मजं नृपम् ददर्श वासुदेवेन शेषितं पूर्ववैरिणा
M. N. Dutt: Then on the banks of the Charmanvati, he met the son of the king Jambhaka who had been formerly defeated by Vasudeva for some old hostilities.
चक्रे तत्र स संग्रामं सह भोजेन भारत स तमाजौ विनिर्जित्य दक्षिणाभिमुखो ययौ
M. N. Dutt: O descendant of Bharata, he fought a battle with Sahadeva, but he (Sahadeva) defeated him and then marched towards the south.
Supplementary Passages:
2.28.8 After 8, G1 ins.: *296 भगदत्तं महाबाहुः क्षत्रियं नरकात्मजम् अर्जुनाय करं दत्तं श्रुत्वा तत्र न्यवर्तत V1 B1-5 D S ins. after 8 (G1, after 296*): *297 सेकानपरसेकांश्च व्यजयत्सुमहाबलः
करांस्तेभ्य उपादाय रत्नानि विविधानि च ततस्तैरेव सहितो नर्मदामभितो ययौ
AI Translation: Having taken their hands and various jewels, then, together with them, he went along the banks of the Narmada.
विन्दानुविन्दावावन्त्यौ सैन्येन महता वृतौ जिगाय समरे वीरावाश्विनेयः प्रतापवान्
AI Translation: Vinda and Anuvīnda, the Avanti kings, surrounded by a great army, were defeated in battle by the powerful Ashvinīputra.
ततो रत्नान्युपादाय पुरीं माहिष्मतीं ययौ तत्र नीलेन राज्ञा स चक्रे युद्धं नरर्षभः
M. N. Dutt: Thereupon, having received wealth that best of men, (Sahadeva), marched towards the city of Mahishmati. He fought there a battle with king Nila.
पाण्डवः परवीरघ्नः सहदेवः प्रतापवान् ततोऽस्य सुमहद्युद्धमासीद्भीरुभयंकरम्
M. N. Dutt: The battle between the chastiser of foes, the powerful Pandava, Sahadeva, and the king (Nila) was very fearful.
सैन्यक्षयकरं चैव प्राणानां संशयाय च चक्रे तस्य हि साहाय्यं भगवान्हव्यवाहनः
M. N. Dutt: It destroyed many soldiers, and it endangered the life (of the hero Sahadeva), for the lord, the carrier of sacrificial libation (fire), was helping him (the king Nila).
Supplementary Passages:
2.28.13 After 13, G1 ins.: *298 चक्रे भारतशार्दूल बहुरूपत्वमास्थितः
ततो हया रथा नागाः पुरुषाः कवचानि च प्रदीप्तानि व्यदृश्यन्त सहदेवबले तदा
M. N. Dutt: The cars, horses, elephants, and the wellarmoured of Sahadeva's army all appeared as if they were on fire.
ततः सुसंभ्रान्तमना बभूव कुरुनन्दनः नोत्तरं प्रतिवक्तुं च शक्तोऽभूज्जनमेजय
M. N. Dutt: Seeing this, that descendant of Kuru was filled with great anxiety. O Janamejaya, seeing this, the hero could not resolve upon what he should do. inen was
जनमेजय उवाच किमर्थं भगवानग्निः प्रत्यमित्रोऽभवद्युधि सहदेवस्य यज्ञार्थं घटमानस्य वै द्विज
M. N. Dutt: Janamejaya said O exalted one, O Brahmana, why was it that the deity Agni became hostile in battle to Sahadeva who fighting for the accomplishment of a sacrifice?
वैशंपायन उवाच तत्र माहिष्मतीवासी भगवान्हव्यवाहनः श्रूयते निगृहीतो वै पुरस्तात्पारदारिकः
M. N. Dutt: Vaishampayana said It is heard that Agni, living in the city of Mahishmati, was formerly taken for an adulterer.
Supplementary Passages:
2.28.17 V1 B D ins. after 17 (V1 B1 [marg.].5 D3.5 transp. 17 and the first two lines of 299*; D3.5 repeating the two lines in their proper place): *299 नीलस्य राज्ञो दुहिता बभूवातीव शोभना साग्निहोत्रमुपातिष्ठद्बोधनाय पितुः सदा व्यजनैर्धूयमानोऽपि तावत्प्रज्वलते न सः यावच्चारुपुटौष्ठेन वायुना न विधूयते ततः स भगवानग्निश्चकमे तां सुदर्शनाम्
नीलस्य राज्ञः पूर्वेषामुपनीतश्च सोऽभवत् तदा ब्राह्मणरूपेण चरमाणो यदृच्छया
AI Translation: He was brought up by the king Nīla and his predecessors. At that time, while wandering in the form of a brahmin, by chance,
Supplementary Passages:
2.28.18 After 18, Dn2 (!) ins.: *300 चकमे तां वरारोहां कन्यामुत्पललोचनाम्
तं तु राजा यथाशास्त्रमन्वशाद्धार्मिकस्तदा प्रजज्वाल ततः कोपाद्भगवान्हव्यवाहनः
AI Translation: The king, who was righteous, then punished him according to the scriptures. Then the Lord, the bearer of oblations, blazed with anger.
तं दृष्ट्वा विस्मितो राजा जगाम शिरसा कविम् चक्रे प्रसादं च तदा तस्य राज्ञो विभावसुः
AI Translation: Seeing him, the king was amazed and bowed his head to the poet. And then the sun god showed favor to that king.
Supplementary Passages:
2.28.20 After 20ab, V1 B D (D6 marg. sec. m.) G3 ins.: *301 ततः कालेन तां कन्यां तथैव हि तदा नृपः प्रददौ विप्ररूपाय वह्नये शिरसा नतः प्रतिगृह्य च तां सुभ्रूं नीलराज्ञः सुतां तदा
वरेण छन्दयामास तं नृपं स्विष्टकृत्तमः अभयं च स जग्राह स्वसैन्ये वै महीपतिः
M. N. Dutt: The illustrious gratifier of all purposes (Agni) also asked the king to solicit a boon from him. The king asked the boon by which he with the troops while engaged in battle might never be struck with panic.
ततः प्रभृति ये केचिदज्ञानात्तां पुरीं नृपाः जिगीषन्ति बलाद्राजंस्ते दह्यन्तीह वह्निना
M. N. Dutt: O king, from that day he, who out of ignorance of this, desires to subjugate the city of the king (Nila), is consumed by fire.
तस्यां पुर्यां तदा चैव माहिष्मत्यां कुरूद्वह बभूवुरनभिग्राह्या योषितश्छन्दतः किल
AI Translation: In that city, O descendant of the Kuru lineage, in that time, in the city of Mahishmati, The women were irresistible, it seems, by their own will.
एवमग्निर्वरं प्रादात्स्त्रीणामप्रतिवारणे स्वैरिण्यस्तत्र नार्यो हि यथेष्टं प्रचरन्त्युत
AI Translation: Thus Agni granted the boon to women of not being restrained. There, the women who are unchaste roam about as they please.
वर्जयन्ति च राजानस्तद्राष्ट्रं पुरुषोत्तम भयादग्नेर्महाराज तदा प्रभृति सर्वदा
M. N. Dutt: O best of the Bharata race, O great king, from that day all the kings avoid this city for the fear of fire.
सहदेवस्तु धर्मात्मा सैन्यं दृष्ट्वा भयार्दितम् परीतमग्निना राजन्नाकम्पत यथा गिरिः
M. N. Dutt: O king, the virtuous-minded Sahadeva also, seeing his troops afflicted with fear and encircled with flames, stood motionless as a mountain. Touching water and purifying himself, he thus spoke to Pavaka (fire).
उपस्पृश्य शुचिर्भूत्वा सोऽब्रवीत्पावकं ततः त्वदर्थोऽयं समारम्भः कृष्णवर्त्मन्नमोऽस्तु ते
AI Translation: Having touched water and become pure, he then spoke to the fire: "This undertaking is for your sake, O Krishnavarman, salutations to you."
मुखं त्वमसि देवानां यज्ञस्त्वमसि पावक पावनात्पावकश्चासि वहनाद्धव्यवाहनः
AI Translation: You are the face of the gods, you are the sacrifice, you are the purifier. You are the purifier of the purifier, and the bearer of the offerings.
वेदास्त्वदर्थं जाताश्च जातवेदास्ततो ह्यसि यज्ञविघ्नमिमं कर्तुं नार्हस्त्वं हव्यवाहन
AI Translation: The Vedas were born for your sake, and you are the knower of the Vedas. You should not perform this obstacle to the sacrifice, O bearer of oblations.
Supplementary Passages:
2.28.29 After 29ab, V1 B D ins. a passage given in App. I (No. 14). On the other hand, S ins. after 29ab a somewhat different version of the first four lines of that passage: *302 चित्रभानुः सुरेशश्च अनलस्त्वं विभावसुः अग्निर्दुःस्पर्शनश्चासि हुताशो ज्वलनः शिखी वैश्वानरस्त्वं पिङ्गेश भूरितेजाः प्लवंगमः कुमारसूनुर्भगवान्रुक्मगर्भो हिरण्यकृत्
एवमुक्त्वा तु माद्रेयः कुशैरास्तीर्य मेदिनीम् विधिवत्पुरुषव्याघ्रः पावकं प्रत्युपाविशत्
AI Translation: Having thus spoken, the son of Madri, the tiger among men, having strewn the ground with kuśa grass, according to the prescribed manner, sat down in front of the fire.
प्रमुखे सर्वसैन्यस्य भीतोद्विग्नस्य भारत न चैनमत्यगाद्वह्निर्वेलामिव महोदधिः
AI Translation: In the forefront of all the armies, O descendant of Bharata, he was frightened and distressed. And the fire did not leave him, like the ocean at high tide.
तमभ्येत्य शनैर्वह्निरुवाच कुरुनन्दनम् सहदेवं नृणां देवं सान्त्वपूर्वमिदं वचः
AI Translation: Then Fire approached him slowly and spoke these words to Sahadeva, the son of the Kurus, the god of men, with words of consolation:
उत्तिष्ठोत्तिष्ठ कौरव्य जिज्ञासेयं कृता मया वेद्मि सर्वमभिप्रायं तव धर्मसुतस्य च
M. N. Dutt: Sahadeva, that god among men, these words of assurance, "O descendant of Kuru rise up, rise up. I was only trying you.
Supplementary Passages:
2.28.33 G1.3 (om. line 3) ins. after 33ab: G6, after 34ab: *303 देवदेवस्य कृष्णस्य विष्णोरमिततेजसः भुजमाश्रित्य यज्ञं तं चिकीर्षुं पाण्डुनन्दनम् जानामि सहदेवाद्य कृतार्थो याहि सांप्रतम्
मया तु रक्षितव्येयं पुरी भरतसत्तम यावद्राज्ञोऽस्य नीलस्य कुलवंशधरा इति ईप्सितं तु करिष्यामि मनसस्तव पाण्डव
M. N. Dutt: I know all your purposes as well as those of the son of Dharma (Yudhishthira). O best of the Bharata race, this city will be protected by me.
तत उत्थाय हृष्टात्मा प्राञ्जलिः शिरसानतः पूजयामास माद्रेयः पावकं पुरुषर्षभः
AI Translation: Then, rising up with a joyful mind, with folded hands and bowing his head, the son of Madri, the bull among men, worshipped the fire.
पावके विनिवृत्ते तु नीलो राजाभ्ययात्तदा सत्कारेण नरव्याघ्रं सहदेवं युधां पतिम्
AI Translation: When the fire was extinguished, King Nila came there with honors, the tiger among men, the lord of warriors, Sahadeva,
Supplementary Passages:
2.28.36 After 36ab, V1 B D (except D1.6) ins.: *304 पावकस्याज्ञया चैनमर्चयामास पार्थिवः
प्रतिगृह्य च तां पूजां करे च विनिवेश्य तम् माद्रीसुतस्ततः प्रायाद्विजयी दक्षिणां दिशम्
AI Translation: Having accepted that worship and placed it in his hand, the son of Madri then went to the southern direction, victorious.
त्रैपुरं स वशे कृत्वा राजानममितौजसम् निजग्राह महाबाहुस्तरसा पोतनेश्वरम्
AI Translation: Having brought under his control the Tri-pura king of boundless energy, the mighty-armed one quickly captured the lord of Potana.
आहृतिं कौशिकाचार्यं यत्नेन महता ततः वशे चक्रे महाबाहुः सुराष्ट्राधिपतिं तथा
AI Translation: Then, with great effort, he brought Kauśika Ācārya under his control, and also the lord of Surashtra.
सुराष्ट्रविषयस्थश्च प्रेषयामास रुक्मिणे राज्ञे भोजकटस्थाय महामात्राय धीमते
AI Translation: And to the king of Surastra, who was in the country of Surastra, he sent to Rukmin, to the wise Mahamatra who was in Bhoja-katta.
भीष्मकाय स धर्मात्मा साक्षादिन्द्रसखाय वै स चास्य ससुतो राजन्प्रतिजग्राह शासनम्
AI Translation: The righteous one, the friend of Indra himself, gave it to Bhishmaka. And he, the king, together with his son, accepted his command.
प्रीतिपूर्वं महाबाहुर्वासुदेवमवेक्ष्य च ततः स रत्नान्यादाय पुनः प्रायाद्युधां पतिः
AI Translation: Having looked at Vasudeva with affection, the mighty-armed one Then, taking the jewels, the lord of warriors departed again.
ततः शूर्पारकं चैव गणं चोपकृताह्वयम् वशे चक्रे महातेजा दण्डकांश्च महाबलः
AI Translation: Then the very powerful one brought under his control the city of Surparaka and the army called Upakrita, and the Dandakas.
सागरद्वीपवासांश्च नृपतीन्म्लेच्छयोनिजान् निषादान्पुरुषादांश्च कर्णप्रावरणानपि
AI Translation: the kings of the islands in the ocean, the Mleccha-born, the fishermen, the hermaphrodites, and those who cover their ears,
Supplementary Passages:
2.28.44 For 44, G1 (which om. 45a-47b) subst.: *305 निषादानजयत्तत्र सागरम्लेच्छयोनिजान्
ये च कालमुखा नाम नरा राक्षसयोनयः कृत्स्नं कोल्लगिरिं चैव मुरचीपत्तनं तथा
AI Translation: Those who are known as Kalamukha, the human beings of the Rākṣasa lineage, And the entire Koḷlagiri and the city of Murucī,
Supplementary Passages:
2.28.45 After 45ab, Dn1 (marg.) ins.: *306 ये चैकपादा मनुजा वृक्षकोटरशायिनः
द्वीपं ताम्राह्वयं चैव पर्वतं रामकं तथा तिमिंगिलं च नृपतिं वशे चक्रे महामतिः
AI Translation: The wise one brought under his control the island named Tāmra, the mountain named Rāma, and the king named Timiṅgila.
एकपादांश्च पुरुषान्केवलान्वनवासिनः नगरीं संजयन्तीं च पिच्छण्डं करहाटकम् दूतैरेव वशे चक्रे करं चैनानदापयत्
M. N. Dutt: The son of Pandu also subjugated the city of Sanjayanti and the country of the Pakhandas and Karahatakas by means of his messengers alone; and he made them all pay tribute to him.
Supplementary Passages:
2.28.47 After 47, S (G1 om. line 1) ins.: *307 भृगुकच्छं गतो धीमान्दण्डेनामित्रकर्शनः बर्बरान्पारशानन्यान्द्वीपवासान्वशे वशी तूलकान्दरदांश्चान्यान्सिन्धुरान्वनवासिनः अश्मकान्मूलकांश्चैव विदर्भांश्च महाबलान् दूतैरेव वशे चक्रे करे च विनिवेश्य सः G1 cont.: *308 ततः कुसृतिवीतज्ञान्दक्षिणापथवासिनः अजयत्संयुगे तत्र धर्ममार्गेण पाण्डवः
पाण्ड्यांश्च द्रविडांश्चैव सहितांश्चोड्रकेरलैः अन्ध्रांस्तलवनांश्चैव कलिङ्गानोष्ट्रकर्णिकान्
M. N. Dutt: The hero also subjugated and exacted tribute from the Pandyas, the Dravidas the Udrakeralas, the Andhras, the Talavanas the Kalinga, and the Ushtrakarnikas.
Supplementary Passages:
2.28.48 After 48ab, S (G1 om. line 1 and transp. lines 2-3 and 4-5) ins.: *309 सिंहलद्वीपकानन्यान्दूतैश्चक्रे वशे बलात् घटोत्कचं महाबाहुं राक्षसं घोरदर्शनम् आगम्यतामिति प्राह धर्मराजस्य शासनात् सर्वस्वं करमादाय तैरेव सहितो नृपः उत्तरं तीरमासाद्य सागरस्योर्मिमालिनः G1 cont.: *310 स राक्षसपरीवारस्तं प्रणम्याशु संस्थितः
अन्ताखीं चैव रोमां च यवनानां पुरं तथा दूतैरेव वशे चक्रे करं चैनानदापयत्
M. N. Dutt: He brought under his away the charming city of Atavi and also the city of the Yavanas by sending messengers and by exacting tribute.
Supplementary Passages:
2.28.49 After 49, T1 G2-6 (G2.6 om. lines 4-5 and 8-10) ins.: *311 काननद्वीपकांश्चैव तरसातीत्य चाहवे ताम्रपर्णीं ततो गत्वा कन्यातीर्थमतीत्य च दक्षिणां च दिशं सर्वां विजित्य कुरुनन्दन सहदेवस्ततो राजन्मन्त्रिभिः सह तत्र वै संप्रधार्य महाबाहुः सचिवैर्बुद्धिमत्तरैः चिन्तयामास कौरव्यो भ्रातृपुत्रं घटोत्कचम् ततश्चिन्तितमात्रस्तु राक्षसः प्रत्यदृश्यत अतिदीर्घो महाबाहुः सर्वाभरणभूषितः अभिवाद्य ततो राजन्सहदेवं घटोत्कचः प्रह्वः कृताञ्जलिस्तस्थौ किं कार्यमिति चाब्रवीत् तं मेरुशिखराकारमागतं पाण्डुनन्दनः
भरुकच्छं गतो धीमान्दूतान्माद्रवतीसुतः प्रेषयामास राजेन्द्र पौलस्त्याय महात्मने विभीषणाय धर्मात्मा प्रीतिपूर्वमरिंदमः
AI Translation: The wise son of Mādrī went to Bharukaccha and sent messengers to the great-souled son of Paulastya, to Vibhīṣaṇa, O king, the one who delights in battle, the one with dharma in his soul.
स चास्य प्रतिजग्राह शासनं प्रीतिपूर्वकम् तच्च कालकृतं धीमानन्वमन्यत स प्रभुः
AI Translation: And he accepted his rule with affection. And the wise lord did not blame it, which was due to time.
Supplementary Passages:
2.28.51 After 51, Ñ1 ins.: *312 बिभीषणो महात्मन्यदीप्सितं करवाण्यहम्
ततः संप्रेषयामास रत्नानि विविधानि च चन्दनागुरुमुख्यानि दिव्यान्याभरणानि च
M. N. Dutt: He (Vibhishana) sent to him (Sahadeva) various kinds of jewels and gems, sandal and aloe-woods, many celestials ornaments.
वासांसि च महार्हाणि मणींश्चैव महाधनान् न्यवर्तत ततो धीमान्सहदेवः प्रतापवान्
M. N. Dutt: Many costly apparels and many valuable pearls. Thereupon the intelligent Sahadeva returned to his kingdom.
Supplementary Passages:
2.28.53 G3 itself ins. after 53ab: *313 प्रीतिमानभवद्दृष्ट्वा रत्नौघं तं च पाण्डवः
एवं निर्जित्य तरसा सान्त्वेन विजयेन च करदान्पार्थिवान्कृत्वा प्रत्यागच्छदरिंदमः
M. N. Dutt: Having vanquished by war and by, conciliation many kings and having also made them pay tribute to him, that chastiser of foes returned (to his own city).
Supplementary Passages:
2.28.54 After 54, S ins.: *314 रत्नसारमुपादाय ययौ सह निशाचरैः इन्द्रप्रस्थं विवेशाथ कम्पयन्निव मेदिनीम् दृष्ट्वा युधिष्ठिरं राजन्सहदेवः कृताञ्जलिः प्रह्वोऽभिवाद्य तस्थौ स पूजितश्चैव तेन वै लङ्काप्राप्तान्धनौघांश्च दृष्ट्वा तान्दुर्लभान्बहून् प्रीतिमानभवद्राजा विस्मयं परमं ययौ
धर्मराजाय तत्सर्वं निवेद्य भरतर्षभ कृतकर्मा सुखं राजन्नुवास जनमेजय
M. N. Dutt: O king, O Janamejaya, the best of the Bharata race (Sahadeva) presented all, that wealth to Dharmaraja (Yudhishthira) and regarded himself crowned with success, and he became very happy.
Supplementary Passages:
2.28.55 After 55ab, S (G3 om.) ins.: *315 कोटीसहस्रमधिकं हिरण्यस्य महात्मनः विचित्रांस्तु मणीन्रत्नान्गोजाविमहिषांस्तथा