Critical Edition
संजय उवाच पातिते युधि दुर्धर्षे मद्रराजे महारथे तावकास्तव पुत्राश्च प्रायशो विमुखाभवन्
AI Translation: Sānjaya said: When the invincible king of the Madras, the great warrior, was slain in battle, most of your sons and your own troops turned their backs.
वणिजो नावि भिन्नायां यथागाधेऽप्लवेऽर्णवे अपारे पारमिच्छन्तो हते शूरे महात्मनि
AI Translation: Just as merchants in a broken boat in the deep ocean, when the hero, the great soul, was killed, desiring to cross the uncrossable ocean,
मद्रराजे महाराज वित्रस्ताः शरविक्षताः अनाथा नाथमिच्छन्तो मृगाः सिंहार्दिता इव
AI Translation: O great king, the kings of the Madras, terrified and wounded by arrows, desiring a protector, like deer afflicted by a lion,
वृषा यथा भग्नशृङ्गाः शीर्णदन्ता गजा इव मध्याह्ने प्रत्यपायाम निर्जिता धर्मसूनुना
AI Translation: Like bulls with broken horns, like elephants with broken tusks, we returned at midday, defeated by the son of Dharma.
न संधातुमनीकानि न च राजन्पराक्रमे आसीद्बुद्धिर्हते शल्ये तव योधस्य कस्यचित्
AI Translation: No one had the courage to form a battle array, or to fight, O king, when Shalya was killed. No one had the courage to fight.
भीष्मे द्रोणे च निहते सूतपुत्रे च भारत यद्दुःखं तव योधानां भयं चासीद्विशां पते तद्भयं स च नः शोको भूय एवाभ्यवर्तत
AI Translation: When Bhishma, Drona and the son of the charioteer were killed, O descendant of the Bharata lineage, the grief and fear of your warriors, O lord of the earth
निराशाश्च जये तस्मिन्हते शल्ये महारथे हतप्रवीरा विध्वस्ता विकृत्ताश्च शितैः शरैः मद्रराजे हते राजन्योधास्ते प्राद्रवन्भयात्
AI Translation: When the great warrior Shalya was killed, they lost all hope of victory. Their best warriors were killed, they were defeated, and their faces were disfigured by sharp arrows. O king
Supplementary Passages:
9.18.7 For 7ab, T4 subst.: *102 निराशश्च हते शल्ये राजा राजन्महायशाः
अश्वानन्ये गजानन्ये रथानन्ये महारथाः आरुह्य जवसंपन्नाः पादाताः प्राद्रवन्भयात्
AI Translation: Some had horses, some had elephants, some had chariots, some had great chariots. Having mounted them, those who were swift ran away in fear.
द्विसाहस्राश्च मातङ्गा गिरिरूपाः प्रहारिणः संप्राद्रवन्हते शल्ये अङ्कुशाङ्गुष्ठचोदिताः
AI Translation: Two thousand elephants, mountain-like, fierce, ran away when Shalya was killed, goaded by goads and thumbs.
ते रणाद्भरतश्रेष्ठ तावकाः प्राद्रवन्दिशः धावन्तश्चाप्यदृश्यन्त श्वसमानाः शरातुराः
AI Translation: Those on your side, best of Bharatas, fled in all directions from the battle. And those who ran were seen to be panting and afflicted by arrows.
तान्प्रभग्नान्द्रुतान्दृष्ट्वा हतोत्साहान्पराजितान् अभ्यद्रवन्त पाञ्चालाः पाण्डवाश्च जयैषिणः
AI Translation: Seeing them broken, routed, their courage gone, defeated, the Panchālas and the Pāṇḍavas, eager for victory, attacked.
बाणशब्दरवश्चापि सिंहनादश्च पुष्कलः शङ्खशब्दश्च शूराणां दारुणः समपद्यत
AI Translation: The sound of arrows and the roar of lions, and the sound of conches of the heroes, became terrible.
दृष्ट्वा तु कौरवं सैन्यं भयत्रस्तं प्रविद्रुतम् अन्योन्यं समभाषन्त पाञ्चालाः पाण्डवैः सह
AI Translation: Seeing the Kaurava army terrified with fear and fleeing, the Panchālas and the Pāṇḍavas spoke to each other:
अद्य राजा सत्यधृतिर्जितामित्रो युधिष्ठिरः अद्य दुर्योधनो हीनो दीप्तया नृपतिश्रिया
AI Translation: Today King Yudhishthira, the upholder of truth, has conquered his enemies. Today Duryodhana is deprived of the blazing glory of kingship.
Supplementary Passages:
9.18.14 After 14, D4 ins.: *103 अद्य दिष्ट्या क्ष्माशयनं निरतामामुचक्षुषः (sic) द्रौपद्या यश्च संकल्पः संसिद्ध इति घुष्यताम्
अद्य श्रुत्वा हतं पुत्रं धृतराष्ट्रो जनेश्वरः निःसंज्ञः पतितो भूमौ किल्बिषं प्रतिपद्यताम्
AI Translation: Today, having heard that his son is killed, Dhritarashtra, the lord of men, may fall unconscious on the ground and experience guilt.
अद्य जानातु कौन्तेयं समर्थं सर्वधन्विनाम् अद्यात्मानं च दुर्मेधा गर्हयिष्यति पापकृत् अद्य क्षत्तुर्वचः सत्यं स्मरतां ब्रुवतो हितम्
AI Translation: Let Kounteya know today that he is the equal of all archers. Let the evil-minded one today reproach himself, the sinner. Let those who remember the truth of the words
अद्यप्रभृति पार्थांश्च प्रेष्यभूत उपाचरन् विजानातु नृपो दुःखं यत्प्राप्तं पाण्डुनन्दनैः
AI Translation: From now on, they will serve the sons of Pritha as servants. May the king know the sorrow that has befallen the sons of Pandu.
Supplementary Passages:
9.18.17 For 17ab, Dn D2.5-7 subst.: *104 अद्यैव च हि पार्थानां यत्कृतं पूर्वकर्मभिः
अद्य कृष्णस्य माहात्म्यं जानातु स महीपतिः अद्यार्जुनधनुर्घोषं घोरं जानातु संयुगे
AI Translation: Let the king know today the greatness of Krishna. Let him know today the terrible sound of Arjuna's bow in battle.
Supplementary Passages:
9.18.18 T3.4 G ins. after 18: T1.2 after 19b: *105 पुत्राणां च वधं घोरं भीमेन श्रोष्यते नृपः
अस्त्राणां च बलं सर्वं बाह्वोश्च बलमाहवे अद्य ज्ञास्यति भीमस्य बलं घोरं महात्मनः
AI Translation: The strength of all the weapons and the strength of the arms in battle Today the great-souled Bhima's terrible strength will be known,
हते दुर्योधने युद्धे शक्रेणेवासुरे मये यत्कृतं भीमसेनेन दुःशासनवधे तदा नान्यः कर्तास्ति लोके तदृते भीमं महाबलम्
AI Translation: When Duryodhana was killed in battle by Bhima, like Indra killing the demon Maya, and when Bhima did what he did in killing Duhshasana, there is no one
जानीतामद्य ज्येष्ठस्य पाण्डवस्य पराक्रमम् मद्रराजं हतं श्रुत्वा देवैरपि सुदुःसहम्
AI Translation: Know today the prowess of the eldest Pandava. Hearing of the death of the king of the Madras, which is difficult even for the gods to bear,
अद्य ज्ञास्यति संग्रामे माद्रीपुत्रौ महाबलौ निहते सौबले शूरे गान्धारेषु च सर्वशः
AI Translation: Today he will know the great strength of Madri's sons in battle, when the brave Soubala is killed and all the Gandharas.
कथं तेषां जयो न स्याद्येषां योद्धा धनंजयः सात्यकिर्भीमसेनश्च धृष्टद्युम्नश्च पार्षतः
AI Translation: How can they be defeated, whose warrior is Dhananjaya, Sātyaki, Bhimasena, and the Pāṇḍava Dhrishtadyumna,
द्रौपद्यास्तनयाः पञ्च माद्रीपुत्रौ च पाण्डवौ शिखण्डी च महेष्वासो राजा चैव युधिष्ठिरः
AI Translation: The five sons of Draupadi, the two sons of Madri, the Pandavas, the great archer Shikhandi, and King Yudhishthira,
येषां च जगतां नाथो नाथः कृष्णो जनार्दनः कथं तेषां जयो न स्याद्येषां धर्मो व्यपाश्रयः
AI Translation: Those worlds where the Lord, Krishna, the protector of the world, is the protector, How can they not be victorious, where Dharma is their refuge?
Supplementary Passages:
9.18.25 After 25, T G ins.: *106 लाभस्तेषां जयस्तेषां कुतस्तेषां पराभवः येषां नाथो हृषीकेशः सर्वलोकविभुर्हरिः
भीष्मं द्रोणं च कर्णं च मद्रराजानमेव च तथान्यान्नृपतीन्वीराञ्शतशोऽथ सहस्रशः
AI Translation: Bhishma, Drona, Karna, the king of the Madras, and other heroes, hundreds and thousands of kings,
कोऽन्यः शक्तो रणे जेतुमृते पार्थं युधिष्ठिरम् यस्य नाथो हृषीकेशः सदा धर्मयशोनिधिः
AI Translation: Who else is able to conquer in battle, except for Yudhishthira, whose protector is Hrishikesha, the treasure of righteousness and fame,
इत्येवं वदमानास्ते हर्षेण महता युताः प्रभग्नांस्तावकान्राजन्सृञ्जयाः पृष्ठतोऽन्वयुः
AI Translation: Thus speaking, they were filled with great joy. The Srīnjayas pursued the defeated ones of yours from behind.
धनंजयो रथानीकमभ्यवर्तत वीर्यवान् माद्रीपुत्रौ च शकुनिं सात्यकिश्च महारथः
AI Translation: The valiant Dhananjaya attacked the chariot division. The sons of Madri and the great warrior Satyaki attacked Shakuni.
तान्प्रेक्ष्य द्रवतः सर्वान्भीमसेनभयार्दितान् दुर्योधनस्तदा सूतमब्रवीदुत्स्मयन्निव
AI Translation: Seeing all of them fleeing, afflicted with fear of Bhimasena, Duryodhana then spoke to the charioteer, smiling as if.
न मातिक्रमते पार्थो धनुष्पाणिमवस्थितम् जघने सर्वसैन्यानां ममाश्वान्प्रतिपादय
AI Translation: Partha, holding a bow in his hand, does not transgress. Place my horses in the rear of all the armies.
जघने युध्यमानं हि कौन्तेयो मां धनंजयः नोत्सहेताभ्यतिक्रान्तुं वेलामिव महोदधिः
AI Translation: For, when I fought with him in the rear, Dhananjaya, the son of Kunti, would not have been able to cross me, like the great ocean the shore.
पश्य सैन्यं महत्सूत पाण्डवैः समभिद्रुतम् सैन्यरेणुं समुद्धूतं पश्यस्वैनं समन्ततः
AI Translation: See, charioteer, the great army being attacked by the Pandavas. See the dust of the army raised all around.
सिंहनादांश्च बहुशः शृणु घोरान्भयानकान् तस्माद्याहि शनैः सूत जघनं परिपालय
AI Translation: And many times hear the terrible and frightening lion roars. Therefore, O charioteer, go slowly, protect the rear.
मयि स्थिते च समरे निरुद्धेषु च पाण्डुषु पुनरावर्तते तूर्णं मामकं बलमोजसा
AI Translation: When I am stationed in battle and the Pāṇḍavas are restrained, My army quickly returns with vigor.
तच्छ्रुत्वा तव पुत्रस्य शूराग्र्यसदृशं वचः सारथिर्हेमसंछन्नाञ्शनैरश्वानचोदयत्
AI Translation: Hearing those words of your son, equal to the best of heroes, The charioteer slowly urged the horses, covered with gold.
गजाश्वरथिभिर्हीनास्त्यक्तात्मानः पदातयः एकविंशतिसाहस्राः संयुगायावतस्थिरे
AI Translation: The foot-soldiers, bereft of elephants, horses and chariots, and having abandoned their lives, twenty-one thousand stood in the battle.
नानादेशसमुद्भूता नानारञ्जितवाससः अवस्थितास्तदा योधाः प्रार्थयन्तो महद्यशः
AI Translation: From various countries, wearing various colored garments, The warriors stood there, seeking great fame.
तेषामापततां तत्र संहृष्टानां परस्परम् संमर्दः सुमहाञ्जज्ञे घोररूपो भयानकः
AI Translation: When they fell upon each other, delighted, a great and terrible tumult arose, fearful to behold.
भीमसेनं तदा राजन्धृष्टद्युम्नं च पार्षतम् बलेन चतुरङ्गेण नानादेश्या न्यवारयन्
AI Translation: Then the king, Bhimasena, and Dhrishtadyumna of the Panchala clan, were checked by the fourfold army from various countries.
भीममेवाभ्यवर्तन्त रणेऽन्ये तु पदातयः प्रक्ष्वेड्यास्फोट्य संहृष्टा वीरलोकं यियासवः
AI Translation: Others, the foot-soldiers, rushed upon Bhima in the battle, shouting, roaring, delighted, desiring to go to the world of heroes.
आसाद्य भीमसेनं तु संरब्धा युद्धदुर्मदाः धार्तराष्ट्रा विनेदुर्हि नान्यां चाकथयन्कथाम् परिवार्य रणे भीमं निजघ्नुस्ते समन्ततः
AI Translation: Having approached Bhimasena, the sons of Dhritarashtra, enraged and invincible in battle, roared and did not tell any other story. Surrounding Bhimasena in battle, they
Supplementary Passages:
9.18.42 After 42d, M1 ins.: *107 निगृहीतुं तदा क्रुद्धाः समन्तात्पर्यवारयन्
स वध्यमानः समरे पदातिगणसंवृतः न चचाल रथोपस्थे मैनाक इव पर्वतः
AI Translation: He was being killed in battle, surrounded by a group of foot soldiers, but he did not move from the chariot seat, like the mountain Maināka.
ते तु क्रुद्धा महाराज पाण्डवस्य महारथम् निग्रहीतुं प्रचक्रुर्हि योधांश्चान्यानवारयन्
AI Translation: But they, O great king, were angry with the great chariot of the Pāṇḍava, and tried to seize him, and restrained the other warriors.
अक्रुध्यत रणे भीमस्तैस्तदा पर्यवस्थितैः सोऽवतीर्य रथात्तूर्णं पदातिः समवस्थितः
AI Translation: Bhima was not angry at all when they surrounded him in the battle. He quickly got down from his chariot and stood on foot.
जातरूपपरिच्छन्नां प्रगृह्य महतीं गदाम् अवधीत्तावकान्योधान्दण्डपाणिरिवान्तकः
AI Translation: Holding a great mace covered with gold, he killed the enemy warriors, like the one with the staff in his hand.
रथाश्वद्विपहीनांस्तु तान्भीमो गदया बली एकविंशतिसाहस्रान्पदातीनवपोथयत्
AI Translation: The powerful Bhima, deprived of chariots, horses and elephants, killed with his mace twenty-one thousand foot-soldiers.
Supplementary Passages:
9.18.47 For 47ab, Ś1 K B2 D3.10.11 T1.2 subst.: *108 विप्रहीनरथाश्वांस्तान्नरान्स पुरुषर्षभः while D4 subst.: *109 भीमसेनो गदापाणिर्गदया वज्रकल्पया
हत्वा तत्पुरुषानीकं भीमः सत्यपराक्रमः धृष्टद्युम्नं पुरस्कृत्य नचिरात्प्रत्यदृश्यत
AI Translation: Having killed the army of that man, Bhima, whose valour is truth, with Dhrishtadyumna at the forefront, soon became visible.
पादाता निहता भूमौ शिश्यिरे रुधिरोक्षिताः संभग्ना इव वातेन कर्णिकाराः सुपुष्पिताः
AI Translation: The foot-soldiers were killed and lay on the ground, covered with blood, like the blossoming karnikara trees broken by the wind.
नानापुष्पस्रजोपेता नानाकुण्डलधारिणः नानाजात्या हतास्तत्र नानादेशसमागताः
AI Translation: Wearing garlands of various flowers, wearing various earrings, Slain there by various kinds of weapons, having come from various countries,
पताकाध्वजसंछन्नं पदातीनां महद्बलम् निकृत्तं विबभौ तत्र घोररूपं भयानकम्
AI Translation: The great army of foot soldiers, covered with flags and banners, was seen there, cut down, terrible in form, frightening.
युधिष्ठिरपुरोगास्तु सर्वसैन्यमहारथाः अभ्यधावन्महात्मानं पुत्रं दुर्योधनं तव
AI Translation: The great warriors, with Yudhishthira at the head, all the great warriors, rushed against your son Duryodhana.
ते सर्वे तावकान्दृष्ट्वा महेष्वासान्पराङ्मुखान् नाभ्यवर्तन्त ते पुत्रं वेलेव मकरालयम्
AI Translation: Seeing your great archers turn their backs, all of them did not approach your son, like the ocean to the abode of the crocodile.
Supplementary Passages:
9.18.53 After 53b, D4 ins.: *110 समभ्यधावंस्त्वरिता युद्धाय जितकाशिनः
तदद्भुतमपश्याम तव पुत्रस्य पौरुषम् यदेकं सहिताः पार्था न शेकुरतिवर्तितुम्
M. N. Dutt: The prowess displayed by your son was highly wonderful, since the Parthas, even in a body, could not approach him who was single.
नातिदूरापयातं तु कृतबुद्धिं पलायने दुर्योधनः स्वकं सैन्यमब्रवीद्भृशविक्षतम्
AI Translation: Not too far away, he had made up his mind to flee. Duryódhana spoke to his army, which was severely wounded:
न तं देशं प्रपश्यामि पृथिव्यां पर्वतेषु वा यत्र यातान्न वो हन्युः पाण्डवाः किं सृतेन वः
AI Translation: I do not see any place on earth or in the mountains where the Pandavas would not kill you, even if you flee.
अल्पं च बलमेतेषां कृष्णौ च भृशविक्षतौ यदि सर्वेऽत्र तिष्ठामो ध्रुवो नो विजयो भवेत्
AI Translation: And their strength is small, and the two Krishnas are severely wounded. If we all stand here, our victory is certain.
विप्रयातांस्तु वो भिन्नान्पाण्डवाः कृतकिल्बिषान् अनुसृत्य हनिष्यन्ति श्रेयो नः समरे स्थितम्
AI Translation: The Pandavas will pursue you, who have gone away in disarray, and will kill you, who have committed a crime. It is better for us to stand and fight.
शृणुध्वं क्षत्रियाः सर्वे यावन्तः स्थ समागताः यदा शूरं च भीरुं च मारयत्यन्तकः सदा को नु मूढो न युध्येत पुरुषः क्षत्रियब्रुवः
AI Translation: Listen, all you Kshatriyas who have assembled here. When the Destroyer always kills the brave and the coward, Which fool would not fight, O Kshatriyas who call themselves
श्रेयो नो भीमसेनस्य क्रुद्धस्य प्रमुखे स्थितम् सुखः सांग्रामिको मृत्युः क्षत्रधर्मेण युध्यताम् जित्वेह सुखमाप्नोति हतः प्रेत्य महत्फलम्
AI Translation: Better for us to stand before the angry Bhimasena than to live in fear of him. Death in battle is preferable to living in fear. Victory brings happiness in this world,
Supplementary Passages:
9.18.60 After 60d, D9 T G ins.: *111 मर्त्येनावश्यमर्तव्यं गृहेष्वपि कदाचन युध्यतः क्षत्रधर्मेण मृत्युरेष सनातनः
न युद्धधर्माच्छ्रेयान्वै पन्थाः स्वर्गस्य कौरवाः अचिरेण जिताँल्लोकान्हतो युद्धे समश्नुते
AI Translation: O Kauravas, there is no better path to heaven than the code of war. One who is killed in battle quickly attains the worlds that are conquered.
श्रुत्वा तु वचनं तस्य पूजयित्वा च पार्थिवाः पुनरेवान्ववर्तन्त पाण्डवानाततायिनः
AI Translation: Having heard his words and worshipped him, the kings again turned back against the Pāṇḍavas, the murderers.
तानापतत एवाशु व्यूढानीकाः प्रहारिणः प्रत्युद्ययुस्तदा पार्था जयगृध्राः प्रहारिणः
AI Translation: As they quickly descended, the Pāndavas, eager for victory and skilled in battle, advanced against them in battle formation.
धनंजयो रथेनाजावभ्यवर्तत वीर्यवान् विश्रुतं त्रिषु लोकेषु गाण्डीवं विक्षिपन्धनुः
AI Translation: The heroic Dhananjaya, with his chariot, advanced against the army. He drew his bow Gandiva, famous in the three worlds,
माद्रीपुत्रौ च शकुनिं सात्यकिश्च महाबलः जवेनाभ्यपतन्हृष्टा यतो वै तावकं बलम्
AI Translation: The sons of Madri, and the mighty Satya-ki, hurried joyfully towards your army.